小麦-簇毛麦T4DL·4VS易位染色体对小麦农艺性状的影响

为了进一步探究小麦-簇毛麦T4DL·4VS易位系的育种利用价值,选用以T4DL·4VS易位系为亲本组配的5个F2群体为试验材料,研究了T4DL·4VS易位染色体在不同遗传背景中对小麦农艺性状的影响。结果表明,在所有组合中,T4DL·4VS易位染色体对有效穗数、每穗小穗数和穗粒数无明显影响;在与郑麦9023、周9823和绵阳26配置的3个组合中,T4DL·4VS易位染色体对株高表现出一定的正向效应;在与周9823、石4185和扬麦15配置的3个组合中,T4DL·4VS易位染色体对千粒重表现出负向效应;在与郑麦9023、周9823和扬麦15配置的3个组合中,T4DL·4VS易位染色体对穗长表现出负向效应;在与扬麦15配置的组合中,T4DL·4VS易位染色体对叶面积表现出一定的负向效应。可见在不同背景中T4DL·4VS易位染色体对农艺性状的遗传效应有所不同。     

自来水的软化处理在葡萄组织培养中的应用

用软化水制备B5培养基对红地球葡萄试管苗进行了培养。结果表明,自来水添加K3PO4·3H2O,0.6 g/L+煮沸5 min的软化效果最佳,Ca2+离子浓度由84.75 mg/L降至2.66 mg/L,Mg2+离子浓度由26.62 mg/L降至8.85 mg/L,硬度由18°降低为2.37°。用该软化水配制的培养基,试管苗生长正常,株高、茎粗优于用蒸馏水配制的培养基。用K3PO4·3H2O软化的自来水可应用于葡萄试管苗的组织培养。     

W/O微乳液体系中SA和MS清除·O_2~-的研究

以水溶液体系作为对照,利用分光光度法研究了W/O型微乳液体系中水杨酸（SA）和水杨酸甲酯（MS）清除超氧阴离子自由基（·O2-）的性能.结果发现,在水浴时间为20min、pH值为8.20和邻苯三酚加入量适宜的情况下,W/O微乳液体系中SA、MS对·O2-的清除率分别可达72.92%、81.47%.微小的pH值变化会引起邻苯三酚自氧化速率的显著变化,电解质溶液对其也有明显的影响,但对SA、MS清除·O2-的能力影响不大.     

Adjustment of soil-surface pH and comparison with conventional fungicide treatments for control of lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor)

The use of soil-surface applications of finely powdered calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to inhibit Sclerotinia minor sclerotial germination and infection at the collar region of lettuce plants is described. In the laboratory, a pH > 8·0 reduced sclerotial germination of the three S. minor isolates tested. In the glasshouse, surface applications of 2–10 t Ca(OH)₂ ha⁻¹ raised the pH of the top 1–2 cm of a duplex sandy loam soil above 8·5 for at least 8 weeks without affecting soil pH within the transplant root zone. There was a linear relationship between the rate of Ca(OH)₂ applied and disease control, with complete disease suppression at 10 t Ca(OH)₂ ha⁻¹. In field trials on two soil types (duplex sandy loam, pH 6·0; and red ferrosol, pH 6·9), a rate of 2·5 t Ca(OH)₂ ha⁻¹, maintained soil-surface pH above 8·5 for 1–3 weeks and provided up to 58% reduction in lettuce drop. Application of polyvinyl alcohol (a soil-conditioning polymer) over the Ca(OH)₂ layer appeared to reduce Ca(OH)₂ loss by wind, but did not improve retention of raised soil-surface pH or disease suppression. Ca(OH)₂ treatment gave similar disease control to the industry standard treatment of a procymidone-based fungicide seedling drench. A combined treatment of Ca(OH)₂ and fungicide drench gave greater control than either individual treatment, and equivalent control to fungicide drench and three procymidone foliar sprays, offering integrated management options. The use of soil-surface-applied Ca(OH)₂ with fungicides, rotation and drip irrigation offers an opportunity for enhanced and sustainable control of lettuce drop.     

家蚕品种飞·鹤×祥·云原原种主要性状的统计分析

为了掌握家蚕品种飞.鹤×祥.云原原种长期繁育过程中存在的种性退化现象,采用数据分析软件检测其2003-2010年间主要性状的变异性和相关性。结果表明:4个原种的全茧量、茧层量、茧层率、幼虫生命率的变化均较小,死笼率的变化范围较大,基本保持了该品种的优良种性。     

Ba(OH)_2加入温度对酚醛树脂胶黏剂性能的影响

采用Ba(OH)_2和NaOH复合催化剂,通过两步甲醛加入法工艺制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂。考察了Ba(OH)_2加入温度对酚醛树脂颜色、黏度、水溶倍数和固化时间的影响,并采用FTIR和DSC对胶黏剂进行了表征。结果表明,随着Ba(OH)_2加入温度升高,所制得胶黏剂的黏度逐渐降低,水溶倍数逐渐增大,固化时间逐渐延长。FTIR测试结果表明,胶黏剂中高活性的邻-邻结构随着Ba(OH)_2加入温度升高而逐渐减少,这正是黏度、水溶倍数和固化时间变化的原因所在。DSC测试结果显示,固化温度和放热量随着Ba(OH)_2加入温度的升高而逐渐增大,表明固化速率降低。综合考虑各项性能,应在60℃时加入Ba(OH)_2制备酚醛树脂。     

Association of Vitamin D Status and Clinical Outcome in Dogs with a Chronic Enteropathy

Background

Dogs with a chronic enteropathy (CE) have a lower vitamin D status, than do healthy dogs. Vitamin D status has been associated with a negative clinical outcome in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives

To examine the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with a CE.

Animals

Forty‐one dogs diagnosed with CE admitted to the Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals between 2007 and 2013.

Methods

Retrospective review. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between dogs which were alive at follow up or had died because of non‐CE‐related reasons (survivors) and dogs which died or were euthanized due to their CE (non‐survivors). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of death in dogs with CE.

Results

Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at the time a CE was diagnosed were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 15) (median nonsurvivors 4.36 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.6–17.0 ng/mL), median survivors (n = 26) (24.9 ng/mL interquartile range 15.63–39.45 ng/mL, P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor of death in dogs with CE (odds ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.02–1.18)]).

Conclusions

Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis are predictive of outcome in dogs with CE. The role of vitamin D in the initiation and outcome of chronic enteropathies in dogs is deserving of further study.     

21%氟磺·烯草酮油悬浮剂对绿豆田一年生杂草防效研究

为寻找绿豆田适宜除草剂,于绿豆1~2片复叶期,一年生禾本科杂草3~5叶期进行21%氟磺·烯草酮油悬浮剂药效评价试验。结果表明:21%氟磺·烯草酮油悬浮剂对绿豆田稗草、狗尾草、藜和反枝苋等一年生杂草具有较高防除效果,对绿豆生长安全。在生产中推荐应用剂量为1 800g·hm-2,喷药量为450L·hm-2。     

聪明反被聪明误,意外结局气煞单相思——解读欧·亨利短篇小说《女巫的面包》及《爱情迷幻药》

欧·亨利凭借出众的写作技巧和独特的创作视角,在美国文学史上具有不可替代的地位.他的小说以简洁、朴素的语言,幽默风趣的文笔以及诙谐的叙述手法,生动地刻画了生活在美国社会底层的小人物的人性之美和无奈.他擅长在读者没有任何线索和征兆的情况下,把读者引进他精心设计的陷阱,体验意料之外,但又在情理之中的意外结局.本文通过赏析欧·亨利的短篇小说《女巫的面包》和《爱情迷幻药》,从细节描写、人物刻画、心理描写、意外结局以及主题等方面,探索这两篇文章的相同之处.让读者在惊叹欧·亨利独树一帜的创作手法的同时,再次体验意料之外,而又在情理之中的欧·亨利式的结局.