甘蓝型油菜黄籽粒色性状研究

从结构解剖、生理生化、遗传和分子生物学等方面对20多年来国内外甘蓝型黄籽油菜的研究成果进行了综述。解剖学研究揭示了甘蓝型黄籽油菜不耐自交的原因，色素物质存在的部位及种皮颜色变化过程；生理生化方面认为花色素、多酚和类黄酮对未成熟种子的种皮颜色有决定作用，黑色素决定了成熟种子种皮颜色。花色素可能由游离苯丙氨酸转化而来，黑色素由游离酪氨酸和多酚为前体合成的，并以邻苯二酚型为主要组成成分；品质性状方面的研究表明：粒色浅，则种皮薄，种皮纤维素含量低，而种子含油量，胚含油量及皮壳含油量就高，但粒色与种子含油量的相关是通过皮壳率和皮壳含油量而体现的。种皮厚，种皮纤维素含量高，千粒重小。单株粒重越大，胚蛋白质含量就高；黄籽粒色主要受母本基因型影响，至少受2对基因控制，环境及农艺措施也影响种皮色泽，其遗传复杂性可能由于不同的A和C基因组控制粒色基因位点间互作，或转座子控制导致的；可以通过系统选育、杂交选育、理化诱变及生物技术选育等方法获得甘蓝型黄籽油菜。     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜子叶离体培养初报

以甘蓝型油菜黄籽双单倍体品系04K91为供试材料,以无菌苗子叶为离体培养外植体,考察了苗龄（7d、10d、13d）与外植体部位及大小（带柄子叶、1/4子叶片、1/8子叶片和子叶柄切段）对芽再生频率的影响。方差分析结果表明,苗龄对芽再生频率有显著影响,外植体对芽再生频率有极显著影响,而苗龄×外植体对芽再生频率影响不显著。多重比较结果表明,以7d苗龄无菌苗的带柄子叶或1/4子叶片为外植体较好,出芽率较高,达90%以上。     

The measurements of acid detergent fibre in rapeseed by visible and near-infrared spectroscopy

Visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations for acid detergent fibre (ADF) in intact rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were performed for two different sample volumes (10 ml, 500 seeds approximately; and 1 ml, 50 seeds approximately). The inclusion of brown and yellow‐seeded cultivars in this work has allowed the whole range of ADF currently described in the literature for this character to be covered. Chemometric techniques have been used for developing calibration equations for both procedures when measuring the two different seed sample volumes. On the basis of the coefficient of determination in the cross‐validation (R²cv) obtained for the 10 and 1 ml assays (0.80 and 0.73), and SECV/SEL ratios (2.30 and 2.57), respectively, both equations showed an accuracy sufficient for screening purposes in an ADF range from 6.80 to 13.46% dry wt, which is presented in this work.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜下胚轴再生体系的初步研究

以4个甘蓝型黄籽油菜品系为试验对象，采用正交设计，研究了预培养基中2，4-D和6-BA浓度、预培养天数、分化培养基中NAA和6-BA浓度组合、AgNO3浓度等对下胚轴芽再生频率的影响；同时研究了萌发培养基中添加6-BA和NAA对再生频率的影响。结果表明：预培养基中2，4-D及6-BA浓度是影响再生的主要因素；不同材料和不同处理间芽再生频率差异显著，且材料与处理间有明显的互作效应；萌发培养基中添加6-BA和NAA对再生频率无明显影响，但对芽苗的正常形态建成不利。     

不同来源甘蓝型黄籽油菜品质性状的遗传分析

以7个甘蓝型黄籽油菜品系为材料,按Griffing方法Ⅱ配制28个组合进行试验,考查了皮壳纤维素含量、种子含油量、皮壳含油量、胚含油量、胚单宁含量、胚蛋白质含量、单株粒重、黄籽度、千粒重等9个性状。方差分析表明,重复之间的差异不显著,而9个性状组合间的差异均达到显著水平,皮壳纤维素含量、种子含油量、皮壳含油量、胚含油量、胚单宁含量、千粒重、黄籽度在亲本间差异显著;进一步进行9个性状间的相关分析,以种子含油量与胚蛋白质含量为目标性状进行通径分析。该文还就油菜品质育种提出一些观点,作为甘蓝型黄籽油菜育种的参考。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽品种SSR指纹图谱的构建

采用SSR标记技术构建5个甘蓝型油菜黄籽品种的指纹图谱,用于鉴别种子真伪。以19个甘蓝型油菜黄籽品种(系)为材料,从100对SSR引物中筛选出2对多态性最高的SSR引物进行PCR扩增。经非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测显示,5个甘蓝型油菜黄籽品种都存在特异性带,成功构建出甘蓝型油菜黄籽品种的指纹图谱。表明SSR标记技术是种质鉴定的一种高效方法。     

Yellow- and brown-seeded canola (Brassica napus), camelina (Camelina sativa) and Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) in practical diets for rainbow trout fingerlings

Rainbow trout (initial body weight 2.5 ± 0.3 g; 30 fish/tank; 4 tanks/treatment) were offered either the control diet or one of four test diets. The test diets contained brown seed coat canola (BSC; Brassica napus), yellow seed coat canola (YSC; Brassica rapa), Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard; EM), or Camelina sativa (CAM), which were added to their respective diets at a 15% dietary inclusion level. Final weight of fish fed the control (101.0 g) was higher than that of fish fed BSC (80.7 g) and CAM (85.3 g) (P < 0.05). Fish fed the control also gained more weight (98.4g) than fish fed BSC (78.2 g) and CAM (83.0 g) (P < 0.05). Fish fed YSC and EM at a 15% dietary inclusion level had a final body weight and gain that was more similar to the control than fish fed BSC and CAM. Considering the fact that there was no significant difference among treatments for SGR and FCR for the entirety of the trial, all four oilseeds have potential for use in rainbow trout feeds.     

甘监型黄籽油菜种皮色素与抗氧化酶的关系

以3个甘蓝型黄籽油菜自交系L2、L4、L6为材料，研究了甘蓝型黄籽油菜种子发育过程中种皮抗氧化酶活性和色素含量的动态变化及其相互关系，结果表明，3种抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性和2种色素黑色紊、花色素含量都是前期低、后期高，其中SOD、POD和CAT于花后41～48d达峰值，黑色素于开花41d后突然升高，花色素于花后27d逐渐升高。统计分析结果表明，黑色素与SOD、POD达极显著负相关，与CAT达显著负相关；花色素与SOD、POD、CAT均呈显著负相关。在收获前7d用1g／L Vc处理大田植株，发现甘蓝型油菜种皮SOD、POD、CAT活性增强，而黑色索、花色素含量下降。由此表明．甘蓝型黄籽油菜种皮抗氧化酶活性可能影响种皮色素含量。     

Genetic variation of yellow-seeded rapeseed lines (Brassica napus L.) from different genetic sources

In order to breed yellow-seeded rapeseed, 16 yellow-seeded lines of Brassica napus L. derived from eight genetic sources were used. The genetic variation of the seedcoat ratio, the cellulose content of the seedcoat, the oil content of the seedcoat and of the embryo, and also the correlations between these characters of the yellow- and brown-seeded plants from the same line, were analysed by variance analysis and path analysis. The results show that the seedcoat ratio and cellulose content of brown seeds are 4.2% and 17.74%, respectively, higher than that of yellow seeds and the oil content of the seedcoat of brown seeds is 3% lower than that of the yellow seeds, these differences all being highly significant. However, the differences between yellow and brown seeds in 1000-seed weight and oil content of the embryo were very small. Both characters are determined mainly by the genetic background and not by seed colour or seedcoat thickness. The correlation analysis revealed that the seedcoat thickness has a highly significant positive correlation with the cellulose content of the seedcoat and is highly significantly negatively correlated with the seedcoat oil content and the 1000-seed weight. The oil content of the embryo alone has a highly significant negative correlation with 1000-seed weight. In yellow seeds, the seedcoat thickness has a large and directly positive effect on the oil content of the embryo whereas the 1000-seed weight has a negative one; the opposite was found in brown seeds. Selection objectives in breeding yellow seeds in Brassica napus are also discussed.     

青海大黄油菜主要农艺性状研究

青海大黄油菜属白菜型油菜地方品种,在西宁地区对该品种的鉴定结果表明:青海大黄油菜籽粒鲜黄、千粒重高(6.6 g)、含油量高(41.09%)、自交亲和(亲和指数为11.85)、皮壳率低(12.8%)、粒色性状遗传稳定,是一个优良的黄籽种质资源。研究还表明:自交亲和的白菜型油菜的雌蕊成熟晚,蕾期授粉能力弱;而自交不亲和的白菜型油菜的雌蕊成熟早,蕾期授粉能力强。