Effects of phenylbutazone and indomethacin on the post-operative course following experimental orthopaedic surgery in dogs

Randomized placebo-controlled crossover studies were carried out in dogs to evaluate how two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) might modulate an acute post-traumatic inflammatory reaction. Two "identical" surgical interventions were performed on the forelimbs of each animal with an interval of 28 days, to enable a paired comparison of the inflammatory signs and the wound/bone healing processes. At one operation 8 dogs received 300 mg phenylbutazone twice daily for 8 days starting on the day before surgery, and at the other operation matching placebo tablets were given. In a similar placebo-controlled trial another group of 8 dogs received 5 mg indomethacin twice daily. With phenylbutazone the post-operative swelling was not significantly reduced compared to placebo, but there was less pain and limping. With indomethacin the swelling was somewhat reduced, but there was no consistent difference to placebo in the pain and limping assessments. None of the drugs appeared to distinctly effect the wound or fracture healing, as evaluated by clinical inspection, comparison of radiographs and comparison of bone sections from the sites of surgery. It proved difficult to select an appropriate dosage of indomethacin due to its high potential to induce GI ulceration and bleeding in dogs. In this experimental surgical model with an acute inflammation, neither phenylbutazone nor indomethacin showed impressive anti-inflammatory or analgesic properties. In the same model paracetamol has proved to significantly and more efficiently, reduce both swelling and pain without any noticeable adverse effects, and appears to be a better alternative than the two presently tested NSAID.     

The palliative efficacy of modified Mohs paste for controlling canine and feline malignant skin wounds

In veterinary medicine, the management of malignant skin wounds is highly challenging. We conducted a study on seven case animals (four dogs and three cats) which presented with malignant skin wounds. All seven animals had signs and symptoms which were controlled following treatment with a modified Mohs paste. Upon obtaining informed consent from their owners, the animals requiring management of malignant wounds were enrolled in this study. The modified Mohs paste was prepared by mixing zinc chloride, zinc oxide starch powder, glycerin, and distilled water. The modified Mohs paste was topically applied to and left to remain on the malignant wounds for one hour, under controlled conditions. Once the paste was removed, the wounds were irrigated with a solution of sterile saline. At the first examination, the wounds of each animal were observed for signs of exudate, malodor, and bleeding. In every case, visible improvement was observed immediately after the modified Mohs paste treatment. Specifically, the size of the malignant wounds, and the number of times the dressing gauze required changing, significantly decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The open malignant skin wounds caused by mammary gland tumors disappeared in two cases. The Mohs paste has been shown to be a viable option for the palliative treatment in canine and feline malignant skin wound management.     

Investigations on the Wound Healing Potential of Tilapia Piscidin (TP)2-5 and TP2-6

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated process involving many cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of synthetic peptides derived from tilapia piscidin (TP)2, TP2-5 and TP2-6 in skin wound healing. The treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with TP2-5 and TP2-6 did not cause cytotoxicity, but did enhance cell proliferation and migration, which could be attributed to the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In CCD-966SK fibroblasts, although TP2-5 (31.25 μg/mL) and TP2-6 (125 μg/mL) showed cytotoxic effects, we observed the significant promotion of cell proliferation and migration at low concentrations. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, and keratinocyte growth factor were upregulated by the peptides. We further found that TP2-5 and TP2-6 showed pro-angiogenic properties, including the enhancement of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and the promotion of neovascularization. In a murine model, wounds treated topically with TP2-5 and TP2-6 were reduced by day 2 post-injury and healed significantly faster than untreated wounds. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both TP2-5 and TP2-6 have multifaceted effects when used as topical agents for accelerating wound healing.     

调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米根冠生长与水分动态响应特征

以玉米为试验材料,在自动感应式遮雨棚下,采用测坑微区试验方法,研究黑龙江西部滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对作物根冠生长、干物质分配特征、根冠比、耗水特征及植株伤流量的影响。以土壤相对含水率(占田间持水率的百分数)为控制上下限,设置5个水分调亏处理,分别为苗期轻度(60%~70%FC)处理,苗期中度(50%~60%FC)处理,拔节期轻度(60%~70%FC)处理,拔节期中度(50%~60%FC)处理,苗期中度、拔节期轻度处理,另设全生育期保持适宜土壤水分(70%~80%FC)作为对照。试验结果表明,调亏灌溉不改变玉米根部和冠部生长的原有总趋势,也不改变冠部各器官生长的基本趋势,但是显著地增大了作物根冠比(R/S),复水后根、冠补偿生长效应明显,促进光合同化产物向生殖器官的运转与分配,增大了生育后期干物质向果穗的分配率。苗期中度处理和拔节期轻度处理的玉米,在调亏期间使根系维持较高的根质量,水分胁迫复水后根系活力明显提高,其伤流量表现出超补偿效应,在灌浆期仍保持较高的伤流量并且在生育后期仍保持有较高的根冠比(R/S),是协调玉米根冠生长关系的适宜水分调亏处理。     

Marine Collagen: A Promising Biomaterial for Wound Healing,Skin Anti-Aging,and Bone Regeneration

Marine organisms harbor numerous bioactive substances that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Scientific research on various applications of collagen extracted from these organisms has become increasingly prevalent. Marine collagen can be used as a biomaterial because it is water soluble, metabolically compatible, and highly accessible. Upon review of the literature, it is evident that marine collagen is a versatile compound capable of healing skin injuries of varying severity, as well as delaying the natural human aging process. From in vitro to in vivo experiments, collagen has demonstrated its ability to invoke keratinocyte and fibroblast migration as well as vascularization of the skin. Additionally, marine collagen and derivatives have proven beneficial and useful for both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis prevention and treatment. Other bone-related diseases may also be targeted by collagen, as it is capable of increasing bone mineral density, mineral deposition, and importantly, osteoblast maturation and proliferation. In this review, we demonstrate the advantages of marine collagen over land animal sources and the biomedical applications of marine collagen related to bone and skin damage. Finally, some limitations of marine collagen are briefly discussed.     

玉米受伤诱导基因Wip1的启动子克隆及表达分析

【目的】植物蛋白酶抑制剂是抵抗动物摄食和病原侵染的重要防御蛋白。玉米Wip1(wound-induced protein)基因属于Bowman-Birk蛋白酶抑制剂(BBI)家族,了解Wip1(wound-induced protein)的启动子活性和Wip1组织表达特性、受胁迫诱导表达情况和在不同受伤时间下的表达模式,为抗虫基因在植物中应用提供新信息。【方法】以玉米叶片组织的cDNA为模板,采用克隆测序技术获得Wip1启动子序列和该基因的cDNA序列。将所得启动子与植物表达载体p1300连接,构建重组表达载体p1300-Wip1-GUS,并采用冻融法将其转入农杆菌LBA4404中。利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达体系在玉米愈伤组织中对Wip1启动子的表达活性进行分析。利用热酚法提取玉米相应组织的总RNA,纯化后于含甲醛的变性胶中电泳分离,并将RNA转移到尼龙膜上,用[α-32P]dCTP标记探针的Northern blot技术对Wip1在玉米不同组织、不同胁迫条件、不同受伤时间下的表达模式进行分析。【结果】获得的启动子序列全长1 737 bp,cDNA全长512 bp。将含有重组质粒p1300-Wip1-GUS的农杆菌侵染玉米愈伤组织,3 d后,GUS染色显示侵染部位变蓝,说明所克隆的启动子在玉米愈伤中能启动GUS正常表达。基于Northern blot技术的植物组织表达结果显示,正常情况下,Wip1仅在胚芽鞘中有一定的表达,在受伤后的胚芽鞘、根、茎、叶、雌穗、雄穗、花丝及苞叶中均大量表达;在所设置的胁迫处理时间(2 h)内,Wip1不受缺氧、低温、脱水、PEG、ABA、NaCL和IAA胁迫诱导,仅受伤害胁迫诱导表达;Wip1在玉米叶片受伤胁迫下,玉米叶片受伤2 h时,检测到了Wip1表达,4—24 h时表达量迅速提高且处于持续增加趋势。【结论】玉米Wip1特异地受机械伤害诱导表达;Wip1启动子是一种有效的伤害诱导特异性启动子。     

An Electrospun Scaffold Loaded with an Enteromorpha Polysaccharide for Accelerated Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

The design and development of innovative multifunctional wound dressing materials in engineered biomaterials is essential for promoting tissue repair. In this study, nanofibrous wound dressing materials loaded with anti-inflammatory ingredients were manufactured by a promising electrospinning strategy, and their capability for treating diabetic wounds was also investigated. A scaffold blend consisting of an Enteromorpha polysaccharide and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was fabricated. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of PVA/EPP1 fiber. We found that PVA/EPP1 fiber accelerated the repair of a full-thickness skin wound in diabetic mice. The results suggest that this scaffold could effectively shorten the wound healing time by inhibiting inflammatory activity, which makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds caused by diabetes.     

Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors

Abstract Wound models attempt to simulate the natural healing processes in wounds. However, all models have significant limitations due to the complexity of the tissue repair process. Much can be learned from wound models in vitro by the use of cell culture techniques. The horse can provide a suitable naturally occurring model of chronic wound healing because it has many similarities to wound healing encountered in human medicine. The tissue architecture was investigated with regard to extracellular matrix and growth factor distribution during wound healing and growth factors were consistently present in the wound area. Biochemical investigations revealed increased levels of hydroxyproline, collagen, and TGFβ1 in exuberant granulation tissue. Equine wound models were established in vitro using cell culture techniques and growth factors had significant effects on the growth of the cells and their ability to synthesize collagen. Two gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were detected in the tissues and wound fluid samples investigated. Zusammenfassung Wundmodelle haben zum Ziel, die natürlichen Heilungsprozesse in Wunden zu simulieren. Allen Modellen sind durch den komplexen Gewebsheilungsprozess deutliche Grenzen gesetzt. Durch die Verwendung von Zellkulturtechniken kann von Wundmodellen in vitro viel abgeleitet werden. Das Pferd stellt wegen der vielen Ähnlichkeiten zur humanmedizinischen Wundheilung ein geeignetes Modell für chronische Wundheilung dar. Die Gewebsarchitektur wurde bezüglich der Verteilung von extrazellulärer Matrix und von Wachtumsfaktoren während der Wundheilung untersucht; Wachtsumsfaktoren waren ständig in der Wunde vorhanden. Biochemische Untersuchungen ergaben erhöhte Hydroxyprolin-, Kollagenund TGFβ1-Spiegel. Wundmodelle beim Pferd in vitro und Zellkulturtechniken wurden entwickelt; Wachstumsfaktoren hatten deutliche Wirkung auf die Zellen und ihre Fahigkeit zur Kollagensynthese. Zwei Gelatinasen (MMP-2 und MMP-9) wurden im Gewebe identifiziert und Wundflüssigkeitsproben untersucht. [Cochrane, C.A. Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. (Wundheilungsmodelle in vivo beim Pferd und die Rolle von Wachstunisfaktoren). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 259–272] Resumen Los modelos de heridas intentan estimular el proceso natural de curación de heridas. Sin embargo, todos 10s modelos presentan limitaciones considerables debido a la complejidad del proceso de curación de heridas. Se puede aprender mucho de modelos de heridas in vitro mediante el uso de técnicas de cultivo celular. El caballo puede suponer un modelo natural adecuado de curación crónica de heridas ya que se asemeja a la curación de heridas en medicina humana. Se investigó la arquitectura tisular en referencia a la matriz extracelular y la distribución de factores de crecimento viendo que los factores de crecimiento se encontraban presentes de forma constante en el área de la herida. Las investigaciones bioquímicas revelaron incremento en los niveles de hidroxiprolina, colágeno y TGFbl en tejido de granulación exhuberante. Se establecieron modelos in vitro de heridas equinas utilizando técnicas de cultivo celular y los factores de crecimiento tuvieron efectos significativos en el crecimiento de las células y su capacidad de sintetizar colágeno. Se detectaron dos gelatinasas (MMP-2 y MMP-9) en 10s tejidos y muestras de fluidos de las heridas investigadas. [Cochrane, C.A. Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. (Modelos de curacion de heridas in vivo en el caballo y el papel de 10s factores de crecimiento). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 259–272] Résumé Les modèles de plaies tentent de simuler les processus naturels de cicatrisation. Cependant tous les modèles ont des limitations significatives dues à la complexité des processus de réparation des tissus. Beaucoup peut être étudié sur des modèles de plaies in vitro suite à l'utilisation des techniques de culture cellulaire. Le cheval peut constituer un modèle nature1 fiable de cicatrisation chronique de plaie de par les nombreuses similarités qu'il partage avec la cicatrisation des plaies en médecine humaine. L'architecture tissulaire a étéétudiée concernant la matrice extracellulaire et la distribution des facteurs de croissance pendant la cicatrisation, et les facteurs de croissance se sont montrés présents de façon consistante dans la zone de la plaie. Des investigations biochimiques ont révélé une élévation des taux d'hydroxyproline, collagène, et TGFβ1 dans la granulation tissulaire exubérante. Des modèles équins de plaies ont étéétablis in vivo en utilisant des techniques de culture cellulaire et les facteurs de croissance ont montré des effets significatifs sur la croissance des cellules et leur capacité de synthétiser le collagène. Deux gélatinases (MMP-2 et MMP-9) ont été détectées dans les tissus et les échantillons de fluide des plaies ont été analysés. [Cochrane, C.A. Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. (Modeles in vivo de cicatrisation des plaies chez le cheval et role des facteurs de croissance). Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8 : 259–272]