Design of Reef- blasting Project and Analysis of Regulation Effect for Fuling to Tongluo Canyon Reach in Three Gorges Reservoir Region

After the completion of the Three Gorges project,the navigation conditions of the reservoir region will be improved evidently,which has laid the foundation for straight run of the 10,000-ton-class fleet to Chongqing Port,and is the promotion of the development of shipping in Yangtze River.But according to the standard of the 10,000-ton-class fleet,there are still some reaches of the reservoir region can not meet the requirements of the waterway on smooth and safe navigation.Therefore,some regulation measures should be adopted to eliminate these obstructions.It is one of the important parts in the reservoir region waterway regulation work for the Fuling to Tongluo canyon reach blasting project.30 reef obstacle blocks of 14 reaches in this project were removed by blasting.Based on the analysis of obstruct features of various rocks,according to the standard of the 10,000-ton-class fleet,the design parameters and blasting regulation program were put forward,and the regulation effect is analyzed and forecasted.     

港口航道致病性细菌检测微阵列基因芯片的研制

[目的]制备出一套针对港口航道致病性细菌检测的基因芯片,为港口航道基因芯片检测技术的研究及应用打下基础.[方法]采用常规方法提取目标菌株基因组DNA,以16S rDNA通用引物和gyrB基因保守区引物进行PCR扩增,使用AlleleID 6.0和Array Designer 4.25对扩增获得的目的片段进行寡核苷酸探针设计,经PCR筛选验证,目标探针以氨基化修饰后通过芯片点样仪点制在醛基玻片上;优化芯片杂交固定条件,并用于港口航道的水样检测,以验证微阵列基因芯片的检测效果.[结果]优化后的芯片杂交固定条件为探针点样浓度10μmol/L、紫外交联时间2.0 h、杂交温度65℃,有效提高了基因芯片检测的灵敏度,与传统检测方法相比可实现快速、高通量、准确的目标.研制的微阵列基因芯片可特异性检测出港口航道中含有的霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)、阴沟肠杆菌(Emterobacter cloacae)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolytivus)、哈氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、副溶血弧菌(V.parahemolyticus)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)和创伤弧菌(V.vulnificus)等7株致病性细菌,且均未出现非特异性杂交.[结论]针对港口航道致病性细菌建立的微阵列基因芯片检测技术具有特异性强、灵敏度高、快速便捷的特点,可用于港口航道及周边地区的海洋环境监测和海产品质量安全检测.     

舟山虾峙门口外航道疏浚对海洋生态环境的影响及防治措施

介绍了舟山虾峙门航道疏浚过程中产生的各种污染及采取的防治措施,并对施工前后海域生态环境变化进行跟踪、监测分析,得出本次航道疏浚对附近海域生态环境造成一定的污染,特别对底栖生物产生较大影响,但是对海域水质、生态环境、渔业资源等影响不大,而且是短期的,随着疏浚工程的结束海域生态环境逐渐恢复,疏浚工程所采取的环保措施是积极有效的。     

层次分析法在雷达模拟器标绘评估中的应用

根据国际海事组织关于雷达模拟器标绘评估的要求，分析了目前标绘评估方法的不足和层次分析法在评估中的适用性．提出了标绘评估标准的层次结构和基于层次分析法的标绘评估方法，实际应用表明，该方法能对雷达模拟器标绘训练进行比较客观的评估，在一定程度上弱化了评估过程中主观判断的影响．     

基于SWAT模型的植草河道对非点源污染控制效果的模拟研究

以三峡库区香溪河流域为研究区,基于SWAT模型,通过收集整理香溪河流域2011年DEM、土壤、土地利用数据和1970—2011年的气象数据,在模型得到满意的率定和验证的基础上,模拟分析了流域内农业非点源污染的空间分布特征,评价了植草河道措施对于农业非点源污染的削减效果。模拟结果表明,SWAT模型能够较好地模拟研究区非点源污染,研究区TN和TP污染负荷集中分布在南阳水系,以及古夫、高岚水系的下游区域。全流域TN和TP污染总负荷分别高达1388t和239t。实施植草河道措施之后,TN和TP污染负荷分别降到1120t和157t,共削减了16.7%的TN负荷和34%的TP负荷。因此,从控制效果来看,植草河道能够很好地控制三峡库区香溪河流域的农业非点源污染,尤其是对TP污染控制效果更加明显。     

Evaluating grassed waterway efficiency in southeastern Iowa using WEPP

Properly calibrated, single storm event, model simulations can be valuable quantitative tools for evaluating the effectiveness of grassed waterways (GWWs) and identifying a threshold length for an effective GWW. Current specifications for GWW lengths in Iowa are lacking. The key objective of this study is to employ the well-established Water Erosion Prediction Project model (WEPP) for determining an effective (or threshold) GWW length for reducing runoff and sediment yields under a wide range of hydrologic and management conditions in an agricultural Iowa watershed, namely Clear Creek, IA. The advantage of this physically based, distributed-parameter model is its ability to replicate processes at the hillslope scale where GWW performance is mostly evaluated. Overall, 84 WEPP runs were performed for assessing (i) the effect that GWW length has on reducing runoff and sediment yields within a representative test hillslope, and (ii) the effect of the gradient of the drainage area on GWW efficiency. Results show that the GWW efficiency for all GWW lengths is governed by hydrology, expressed as Q_peak. The results suggest that the threshold length for an effective GWW is 500 m for the hydrologic conditions in this study and for a representative drainage area of approximately 27 ha. For all storm events, a threshold drainage area gradient of approximately 3% was found above which the GWW efficiency was independent of topographic steepness. The results demonstrate similar trends to other studies although the relative increases in reduction in runoff and sediment delivery differ between sites and are very much dictated by Q_peak and hydrologic soil group. The effectiveness of models to evaluate GWW efficiency for nearly saturated conditions and shallow flows is discussed.     

Study on Regulation Scheme to evolution of Luxikou Waterway of Yangtze River

Luxikou River is one of shallow waterway in middle reach of Yangtze River.The navigational channal changes with the fluvial process of river. In the meanwhile,the shoals exist at the entrance of Zhigang and Zhonggang branch. It's difficult to maintain the waterway. The depth of waterway is kept upon 3.2 meters,and the carrying capacity of tank barge must be decreaed to pass through.For the demands of constructing the main channel of Yangtze River,the measements for stabilizing and improving must be carried out as soon as possible.     

Survival of the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) in an urban California environment

The western pond turtle Emys (formerly Clemmys) marmorata is declining throughout its range, primarily due to loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture. Urban waterways present several important challenges to freshwater turtle populations, but they also present an opportunity to maintain declining species in a ubiquitous habitat that has high public visibility. The arboretum waterway on the University of California, Davis campus is an example of an extensively altered urban habitat that supports a relatively large E. marmorata population. Over the last 6 years, we monitored the turtle population inhabiting the arboretum waterway to determine the demographic health of the population, and the challenges and opportunities that urban environments pose for pond turtles. Since 1993, the naturally existing arboretum pond turtle population has declined by approximately 40% and has shown little natural recruitment. During this time, we also introduced 31 headstarted turtles into the arboretum. Headstarting is the process of raising juveniles in captivity until they have outgrown their period of greatest vulnerability to predators, and then releasing them into the wild. Our headstarting results demonstrate that this contentious strategy is a viable option for adding young turtles to the population, although it does not address the causes of decline. Over the course of our study, we encountered nine species of non-native turtles in the waterway, and these appear to be a serious threat to the native species. As more habitat becomes urbanized, it is increasingly important to understand how freshwater turtles, such as E. marmorata, adapt to urban waterways and the impact of non-native turtles on native turtle species. Our strong feeling is that urban waterways can provide habitat for viable populations of freshwater turtles and showcase them to the public, but both the aquatic and terrestrial habitat must be managed according to the biological requirements of individual species.     

唐代信阳茶的兴起与古茶路考

唐代开始,饮茶之风兴起,以长安、洛阳为中心的中原茶市场和西北市场开始出现,淮南茶区在内的多个重要产茶区也逐渐形成。而此时位于淮南茶区的信阳茶不仅产量高,而且质量优,既生产贡茶,也提供大量的商品茶。学术界对唐代信阳茶的制作加工和品饮进行了深入研究,但这一时期信阳贡茶和商品茶的贸易运输通道即茶路的发展、演变研究尚属空白。本文依据大量的历史文献资料、地方史志资料和茶学著述,结合田野考察,对唐代信阳茶路进行研究和梳理,认为唐代信阳的茶路兼顾陆路和水路两种,以水路为主,且水路主要沿历史悠久的淮颍水道进行。     

Changes to freshwater mussel assemblages after 25 years of impoundment and river habitat fragmentation

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