硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系质膜、液泡膜酶活性的影响

研究硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫严重抑制黄瓜幼苗生长,根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性明显降低。硅处理明显提高盐胁迫黄瓜根液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase、Ca^2＋-ATPase活性,一定程度上维持了液泡膜质子泵活性,有效地防御了细胞质酸化,这可能是硅提高黄瓜耐盐性的一个重要因素。     

蛋白酶K水解蜂王浆蛋白的研究

为评价不同蛋白酶水解蜂王浆蛋白的效果,本研究以蛋白酶K为试验用酶,对蜂王浆蛋白的最佳水解条件及水解产物稳定性进行了研究.结果显示,蛋白酶K水解蜂王浆的最佳条件为温度55℃,pH 7.5,酶添加量60 g/mL,氯化钙添加量0.01 mol/L,反应时间4 h,水溶性蛋白质提取率为31.03%;蛋白酶K水解蜂王浆蛋白的产物在酸、碱、热条件下能够保持较高的稳定性.蛋白酶K水解蜂王浆的效果介于植物性蛋白酶及动物性蛋白酶之间,可用于生产富钙型的水溶性蜂王浆.     

Ca对AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用添加填充材料的CO2激光焊接工艺对AZ31镁合金薄板进行焊接,研究了不同Ca含量对焊缝金属的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：当激光功率为1 500 W,焊接速度为3 m/min时, AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接的焊缝金属中添加一定量的σCa＜0.19%元素,可以得到成分相对较均匀、组织细小的焊缝.当填充带材为AZC04(焊缝中σCa=0.19%)时,焊缝区晶粒相对细小,析出相细小弥散,此时焊接接头的力学性能最优,焊接效率基本可达到100%.     

Regulation of Calcium on Peanut Photosynthesis Under Low Night Temperature Stress

The effects of different levels of CaCl 2 on photosynthesis under low night temperature（8°C） stress in peanuts were studied in order to find out the appropriate concentration of Ca2＋through the artificial climate chamber potted culture test.The results indicated that Ca2＋,by means of improving the stomatal conductivity of peanut leaves under low night temperature stress,may mitigate the decline of photosynthetic rate in the peanut leaves.The regulation with 15 mmol L-1CaCl 2（Ca15） was the most effective,compared with other treatments.Subsequently,the improvement of Ca2＋on peanut photosynthesis under low night temperature stress was validated further through spraying with Ca15,Ca2＋chelator（ethylene glycol bis（2-aminoethyl） tetraacetic acid; EGTA） and calmodulin antagonists（trifluonerazine; TFP）.And CaM（Ca2＋-modulin） played an important role in the nutritional signal transduction for Ca2＋mitigating photosynthesis limitations in peanuts under low night temperature stress.     

植物Ca2+信号的研究进展

在植物的生长发育过程中,为了适应环境,调节自身代谢和生长,需要对各种外界环境刺激以及植物内部生理信息做出反应,因此,植物产生了自己的信号系统。Ca2 作为一种信号分子在植物细胞信号系统中起着举足轻重的作用。针对国内外对植物Ca2 信号的研究情况,综述了Ca2 信号的产生、Ca2 信号参与的各种植物生理过程、Ca2 信号的检测以及其研究的最新进展。     

干巴菌菌丝营养生理特性的初步研究

本文报道了不同碳源、氮源、微量元素及维生素培养基对干巴菌菌丝生长的影响。试验表明,干巴菌菌丝利用最好的的碳源是葡萄糖,其次是蔗糖。利用最好的氮源是硝酸钙,其次是硝酸铵和硫酸铵,对蛋白胨和尿素的利用效果差。缺少碳源或氮源时,菌丝生长细弱、稀少,不形成原基。微量元素和维生素均对干巴菌菌丝生长有促进作用,其中以锰、铜和维生素Ｂ２的作用尤为突出。     

施加钙对锶胁迫下麻疯树生长及生理生化的影响

为了研究外源钙对锶胁迫下麻疯树生理生化的影响,本试验以麻疯树为研究材料,施加88Sr2+(200mg·kg-1)与不同浓度Ca2+(0、100和200mg·kg-1),处理30、70和120 d后取样,测定生长指标及生理生化等指标,以此研究Ca2+对麻疯树所受Sr2+胁迫的调节作用。结果表明:施加Ca2+促进了株高和叶面积增加,并在前期大量促进叶绿素的合成;最大荧光Fm和最大光化学效率Fv/Fm等荧光参数随着处理时间逐渐升高并在120 d时显著高于对照组,表明Ca2+降低了胁迫对PSII反应中心的损害;施加Ca2+后幼苗SOD、POD和CAT活性明显降低,说明88Sr2+胁迫对抗氧化防御系统的刺激有所降低;丙二醛与脯氨酸含量的降低也表明施加Ca2+缓解了幼苗所受88Sr2+胁迫。通过对比,低浓度Ca2+能够更好地缓解胁迫,对株高、株茎和叶面积的促进作用明显高于高浓度Ca2+处理。在处理30 d时,低浓度Ca2+对叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和电子传递速率ETR的调节效果更明显。因此,Ca2+可以在一定程度上缓解88Sr2+对麻疯树幼苗的胁迫,并且低浓度Ca2+的缓解效果更明显。研究结果为木本植物修复放射性核素污染土壤提供了一定的科学依据。     

外源NO对Ca(NO3)2胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和抗氧化系统的影响

本研究以黄瓜为试材,采用营养液水培,研究了外源NO对Ca(NO3)2胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和抗氧化酶系的影响.结果显示,在70mmol·L-1的Ca(NO3)2胁迫下,植株生长受到抑制,干重和叶绿素含量显著下降,叶片和根系抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性均升高,膜脂过氧化产物MDA及可溶性 蛋白含量增加.而叶面喷施NO供体SNP显著缓解了Ca(NO3)2胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长的抑制,植株干重显著增加.同时,抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量也有不同程度的上升,MDA含量显著下降.以上表明,NO能够增强黄瓜幼苗对Ca(NO3)2胁迫的耐性.喷施SNP对正常营养液培养的黄瓜幼苗无显著影响.     

Effect of planting date and growth stage on secondary and micronutrient content of soybean tissue

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of planting date and cultivar on B, Zn, Mn, Fe, Mg, and Ca content of soybean leaflets, petioles, and stems at beginning bloom (R1), beginning seed (R5) and physiological maturity (R7) growth stages. The concentrations of all the nutrients analyzed were influenced by planting date and cultivar in at least one year. The concentration ranges were: B, 16–167 ppm; Zn, 14–98 ppm; Fe, trace‐575 ppm; Mn, 12–122 ppm; Mg, 0.18–0.89%, and Ca, 0.47–3.02%. As the plants developed, [Fe] generally decreased, [Mn] increased, and [Zn] showed no consistent response. Changes in B, Mg, and Ca concentrations with plant development varied with the plant part. Leaflet [Ca] and [B], and petiole [Ca] and [Mg] increased during seedfill. Petiole and stem [B], and stem [Mg] and [Ca] decreased during seedfill.     

Influence of thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride on tomato morphology and elemental uptake

Root dry weight and leaf number were not affected by thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride. Shoot dry weight, shoot:root dry weight ratio, shoot height, leaf area, and root surface area were decreased by both thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. However, root length was decreased and root radius increased only by chlormequat chloride. Total element uptake was decreased by both thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. In the shoot and root, N was not affected, P was increased in the shoots, K decreased in the shoots but increased in the roots, and Mg decreased in the roots as a result of thigmic stress and chlormequat chloride. Whereas, Ca was decreased in the roots and Mg increased in the shoots by chlormequat chloride. The uptake of N, P, Ca, or Mg was not affected by thigmic stress or chlormequat chloride, however, K uptake per root surface area decreased. Thigmic stress decreased K in both the upper and lower stem but did not affect leaf concentration of K. However, chlormequat chloride decreased K in both the stem and leaves. Thigmic stress because of the role of K in cell elongation. Chemical name used: (2‐chloroethyl)trimethyl‐ammonium chloride (chlormequat chloride).