核桃芽接接穗高效繁殖试验

以5年生早实核桃辽宁1号为试材，通过研究接穗的采集时间，采集长度，可利用芽率，每根枝条可采接穗数等，得出核桃芽接接穗的高效繁殖技术。5月-6月应在新梢长到30cm-50cm时掐头，5天后，留1个-2个芽剪枝做接穗，在管理好的采穗圃，一年每个枝条可采5根-7根接穗，其中2/3用于夏季芽接，1/3用于秋季闷芽接，这些接穗上的接芽多充实，饱满，一株5年生树一年可采集接穗50根-80根，可利用接芽数为250个-400个。     

日粮中添加柑桔皮粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡钙磷代谢的影响

将 48周龄黄金褐蛋鸡 10只随机分成两组 ,对照组喂基础日粮 ,试验组用 2 5 %的柑桔皮粉等量替代基础日粮中的玉米 ,结果表明 :试验组钙磷表观代谢率为 65 79%、46 3 9% ,钙比对照组 (62 3 0 % )提高了 3 49个百分点 (P <0 0 5 ) ,磷比对照组 (4 7 5 2 % )降低了 1 13个百分点 (P >0 0 5 )。     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

新疆与美国早实核桃(Juglans regia L.)品种生长结实与成花特性比较

以引进的美国核桃品种‘维纳’、‘艾米格’和新疆本地品种‘温185’和‘新新2号’为试材,研究分析不同品种的植物学和生物学特性、花芽分化过程以及相关成花基因的表达。结果显示:4个品种在树体生长、枝芽发育特性、物侯期以及成花率和坐果率方面没有明显差异。在结果枝同一坐果部位形成双果、三果或以上的能力‘新新2号’明显强于‘维纳’,但‘新新2号’的果实大小和单果重都低于‘维纳’,而‘维纳’平均结果母枝上形成侧花芽的数量和坐果率高于‘新新2号’。从萌芽到开花结束直至当年侧芽发育过程中‘维纳’混合芽中的JrFT和JrLFY基因表达也高于‘新新2号’,而同时期的JrFLC基因表达则相对较低,说明‘维纳’在花芽分化和花器官形成过程中通过高表达JrFT和JrLFY基因,低表达JrFLC基因促进结果母枝上形成大量侧花芽,并利用大量侧花芽抽生结果枝坐果,形成较大的果实,使得最终产量并不低于同一个坐果部位大量着生2个或多个果实的‘新新2号’品种。     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an LFY homologous gene from Juglans regia L.

The existence of a long juvenile phase is found seriously to affect the early-stage economic benefits of later mature walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Studies on LFY, a key gene controlling floral transition and flower differentiation, may be helpful in solving the problem. This study reports the identification and characterization of a JrLFY gene from Juglans regia L., a homolog of FLORICAULA/LFY. The gene was isolated from flower buds of precocious walnut cultivar Zhonglin No. 5 by RT-PCR and RACE. The cDNA sequence of JrLFY (GenBank accession no. GU194836) was 1496 bp and contained an ORF of 1158 bp. Its corresponding genomic sequence (GenBank accession no. HQ019159) showed that the JrLFY contained three exons and two introns. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gene consisted of 385 amino acids and had a conserved region in the C-terminal when being aligned with sequences of other LFY homologs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the LFY protein of walnut was close to those of hickory and chestnut. These studies will lay a foundation for understanding the mechanism of early fruiting and preparation for transfer of the JrLFY as a transgene to later mature walnuts.     

新疆核桃腐烂病拮抗菌的筛选及鉴定

为给核桃促生菌群的构建提供菌株材料,通过对新疆核桃拮抗菌的分离纯化,筛选出对核桃腐烂病病原菌具有拮抗作用且能在其根际稳定定殖的优质高效菌株。从阿克苏、和田、喀什等新疆核桃主产区的根际土壤中分离出拮抗菌30株,采用对峙试验法对其拮抗能力进行测定,选出拮抗菌14株。经耐利福平诱导后剩余7株。将其进行大田定殖试验后,最终筛选出7株拮抗菌。经16S r DNA鉴定,这7株拮抗菌属于3个属,分别为假单胞菌属Pseudomonas、芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、链霉菌属Streptomyces,其中假单胞菌属为优势种属,且拮抗效果及稳定性最好。     

去除果皮和晒种处理对红豆草种子萌发特性的影响

试验研究了去除果皮和晒种处理对红豆草种子(荚果)萌发特性的影响。结果表明:和对照相比,去除果皮处理显著缩短了红豆草种子的初次发芽时间,且显著提高了发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和根、芽生长,显著降低了发霉率;晒种处理能显著促进未去掉果皮红豆草种子(荚果)的萌发。晒种1~3d对去掉果皮的红豆草种子的发芽率和发霉率无显著影响(P0.05)。去掉果皮晒种2、3d处理红豆草种子的发芽率显著高于未去皮晒种0d(对照),发霉率显著低于对照(P0.05),发芽指数和活力指数显著高于去掉果皮晒种0d和1d,初次发芽时间比对照提前2d,其根长和芽长显著高于对照(P0.05);经过去掉果皮和晒种的红豆草种子在室内贮存75d后其发芽指数、根长、芽长均有所降低,而发芽率却有所增加。试验得出,去除红豆草种子(荚果)果皮并晒种2~3d能显著促进其萌发、降低发霉率,而且短期(75d)贮藏后其发芽率未降低。     

核桃烘干技术研究现状及趋势

核桃烘干是核桃生产过程中的重要环节,核桃烘干后的质量直接影响核桃的销售价格和销量。随着人民生活水平的提高及市场环境的变化,人们对核桃烘干质量提出了更高的要求。核桃烘干机的控制系统、加热装置、内部结构等方面随着技术的革新不断优化,烘干水平也随市场需求的变化而改进。为此,对核桃烘干技术的研究现状进行了综述,并指出了未来的发展方向,旨在从提高核桃的质量、增大市场竞争力及保障食品安全等方面进一步推动核桃烘干技术的发展,满足社会需求。     

石榴皮中多酚提取条件的优化

运用正交试验对石榴多酚的乙醇提取条件进行了优化。考察了影响石榴皮中多酚提取效果的4个因素。结果显示,石榴皮中多酚的最佳提取条件为:20%(体积分数)乙醇作溶剂,料液比(g∶mL)1∶20,温度50℃,提取时间1 h,以该优化条件提取时,多酚粗提物的得率44.98%,纯度50.12%,即石榴多酚得率达到22.86%。     

核桃实生幼苗光合特性对高磷胁迫的响应

[目的]研究高磷胁迫下核桃砧木苗的光合生理及物质积累特性,为核桃直播建园砧木苗磷肥施用管理提供参考.[方法]以新新2核桃幼苗为材料,比较其在高磷梯度下生物量、光合特性、荧光特性、光合产物及叶片营养元素的影响.[结果]核桃实生幼苗的生物量整体随着施磷量的增加呈下降趋势,净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、初始...