The efficacy of a single chain recombinant equine luteinizing hormone (reLH) in mares: induction of ovulation, hormone profiles, and inter-ovulatory intervals

The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of recombinant equine luteinizing hormone (reLH) in shortening the time to ovulation in cycling mares and to determine the effects of treatment on endogenous hormones and inter-ovulatory intervals. In study 1, mares of light horse breeds (3–20 years) were treated with either a vehicle, various doses of reLH, or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cycling mares were examined by palpation and ultrasound per rectum daily or every 12 h from the time of treatment to ovulation. In studies 2 and 3, jugular blood samples were collected daily or every 12 h from the time of treatment to ovulation for analysis of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol-17β (E₂), and progesterone (P₄) by radioimmunoassays (RIA). Increasing doses of reLH (0.3, 0.6, 0.75, and 0.9 mg) showed increasing effectiveness at inducing ovulation within 48 h of treatment. Treatments with the 0.75 and 0.9 mg doses of reLH resulted in 90% and 80% ovulation rates, which were similar to hCG treatment (85.7%). Except for the early rise in LH after treatment with 0.5, 0.65, and 1.0 mg of reLH, hormone profiles appeared to be similar between control and treated cycles. Inter-ovulatory intervals were similar between control and treatment cycles. In conclusion, reLH is a reliable and effective ovulatory agent that does not significantly alter endogenous hormone profiles or affect inter-ovulatory intervals.     

In vivo confocal microscopy in the normal corneas of cats, dogs and birds

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in veterinary ophthalmology and analyze the morphology of living, healthy cornea. ANIMALS EXAMINED: Thirty-seven dogs, 34 cats and five birds. PROCEDURE: Various corneal sublayers were visualized in the central region using an in vivo confocal corneal microscope (HRTII/RCM). RESULTS: An investigation method was developed and adapted for use on animals with varying skull forms and eye positions. Real-time images of the epithelial cells, the corneal stroma and the endothelial layer were obtained. The corneal stromal nerve trunks and the subepithelial and basal epithelial nerve plexus were visualized. In dogs, full corneal thickness (FCT) was 585 +/- 79 microm (mean +/- SD) and endothelial cell density (ECD) 3175 +/- 776 cells/mm(2) (mean +/- SD). In cats, FCT was 592 +/- 80 microm and ECD 2846 +/- 403 cells/mm(2). There were no significant differences between canine and feline FCT and ECD and no morphologic differences could be seen between dogs and cats. The bird images revealed a number of structural differences. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive IVCM allows accurate detection of corneal sublayers, corneal pachymetry, endothelial cell density and corneal innervation in various animal species. For clinical usage, patients must be under general anesthesia. The confocal images provided anatomic reference images of various healthy corneal structures in dogs, cats and birds.     

枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病的抗性鉴定

柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)是严重阻碍柑橘产业发展的世界性检疫病害,防控困难,选育抗病品种为防治溃疡病的唯一有效办法。枸橼C-05是柑橘属独特的抗溃疡病种质,为抗性机理和抗病育种提供了种质基础。为了进一步评价枸橼C-05的抗性,另外收集了13份枸橼种质,对其进行溃疡病的离体和活体抗性评价。叶片形态学观察表明,14份枸橼种质存在较大的形态学差异。采用离体与活体注射接种不同浓度的柑橘溃疡病菌,根据叶片的感病症状、病斑周围黄色晕圈大小等典型溃疡病症状,综合评价枸橼类种质的抗病性。结果表明:枸橼种质之间对溃疡病的抗性存在极大差异,溃疡病的抗性评价综合病情指数显示枸橼C-05、园香橼、矮果香橼、美国枸橼、普通枸橼和印度大果综合病情指数较小,表现为极抗病或抗病,其他枸橼种质表现不同程度的感病性;枸橼种质的抗病或感病性与其叶片形态特征无关。枸橼C-05和5个抗病枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病具有针对性的抗性,这对进一步研究抗病机理和抗病育种具有重要意义。     

在猪组织笼内恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌的药效研究

为了合理应用恩诺沙星治疗猪大肠杆菌感染,采用猪体内安装组织笼的方法,研究感染组织笼用药后,组织笼内大肠杆菌数量的变化。结果表明,恩诺沙星在不同大小的组织笼内的药动学特征不同,在小组织笼内的半衰期明显大于在大组织笼内的半衰期,在相同大小的组织笼内随着药物浓度的增加半衰期表现为增长。感染笼注射恩诺沙星前后细菌的生长繁殖情况亦有不同,在大组织笼和小组织笼内,无药对照笼内的细菌在试验的过程中细菌的数量均基本上保持恒定,大组织笼内注入2MIC的恩诺沙星后,细菌在被抑制9 h后,出现再生长现象,而在小组织笼内细菌在被抑制12 h后,出现再生长现象。注入5MIC或8MIC的恩诺沙星后,大小组织笼内的5MIC和8MIC的细菌杀菌曲线几乎重合,并都在24 h后,在组织笼内检测不到细菌。细菌在接触药物的早期阶段下降最为迅速。通过分析认为,如果药物在体内消除慢,可以适当减少抗菌药物的用量。     

家蝇蛋白酶解物体内抗氧化性评价

研究家蝇蛋白酶解物的体内抗氧化作用,可为家蝇幼虫资源的开发利用提供基础。试验将昆明种小鼠随机分为空白对照组(生理盐水)及家蝇蛋白酶解物低剂量组(200μg/g)、中剂量组(400μg/g)、高剂量组(800μg/g),每组10只,检测各组小鼠血清及肝、脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果显示,家蝇蛋白酶解物可以增强小鼠血清、肝、脑组织中SOD,GSH-PX,CAT的活性,且明显高于空白对照组。说明家蝇蛋白酶解物具有显著的体内抗氧化活性。     

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of lasalocid for treatment of experimental cryptosporidiosis

In vitro viability of purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, exposed for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min to 0.27 mg/ml lasalocid suspension was evaluated by inclusion or exclusion of two fluorogenic vital dyes and an excystation technique. Continuously, preventive and curative efficacies at different doses (9, 6.75, 5.625 and 4.5 mg/kg body weight) and regimens of lasalocid against cryptosporidial infection were evaluated on an experimental neonatal mice model. In vitro assays demonstrated a decrease in the oocyst viability related to an increase in exposure time for exposure to the lasalocid suspension. The infection was eradicated when the suspension was administered with a dose of ≥6.75 mg/kg body weight. No apparent toxic effects were observed.     

黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌作用的研究

通过体外试验和体内试验两种方法研究了黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌的作用。结果表明，黄芩水煎液对鸡大肠杆菌的最小体外抑菌浓度为2．5g／mL；当药物浓度为5g／mL时可使7日龄雏鸡获得90％以上的攻毒保护；药物浓度为10g／mL时可使100％雏鸡获得攻毒保护，说明黄芩可以对抗鸡大肠杆菌，用于防治鸡的大肠杆菌病。     

不同培养方法对昆虫病原线虫质量影响及其评价

采用传统的White trap法、Lowtek培养法、液体和固体培养4种方法繁殖异小杆线虫[Heterorhabditis bac-teriophora(Hb-1)]和斯氏线虫[Steinernemacarpocapsae(Sc-2)],测定和计算了线虫的产量、质量和成本。试验结果显示,4种方法培养对线虫侵染力和存活率有一定影响,但差异不显著(p<0.05),2种线虫从高到低的顺序为:White trap法>Lowtek法>固体培养>液体培养;产量最高的是固体培养法,其次是液体培养法,Lowtek法最低;繁殖成本从低到高的顺序为:Lowtek法<固体培养     

Caprine somatic cell nuclear transfer using in vivo matured oocytes collected by laparoscopic follicular aspiration

In vivo matured oocytes collected by laparoscopic follicular aspiration (LFA) from hormone treated female goats were used as recipient ooplasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Japanese native (Shiba) goats were used as donor females and some donor females were used repeatedly (two or three times) at intervals of a few months. To induce synchronization of estrus, a sponge containing 0.5 g of progesterone was inserted into the vagina of each goat for 14 days. These animals were also treated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in a series of 8 injections over 4 days. The first FSH injection was administered on the morning of day 9 of sponge insertion. On the morning of day 13, 50 µg of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected into each animal. Twenty‐nine hours after GnRH injection, LFA was performed. After removal of cumulus cells, collected oocytes with the first polar body were selected and enucleated for nuclear transfer. Anterior pituitary cells isolated from an adult male Shiba goat were transfected with a DNA fragment containing the enhanced green flourescent protein gene and the puromycin resistance gene. A single donor cell was inserted into the perivitelline space of each enucleated oocyte and fusion was induced with one electric pulse of 20 V for 10 µs. The SCNT goat eggs were cultured in chemically defined medium at 38.5°C in 5% CO₂, 5% O₂, 90% N₂ for 9 days. By LFA, 396 oocytes were collected from a total of 30 females. After removal of cumulus cells, 64% of them extruded the first polar body. The percentage of SCNT goat eggs produced using in vivo matured oocytes which developed to the blastocyst stage (20–21%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that produced with in vitro matured oocytes (3–8%).     

复方杨树花口服液体内抗炎效果的研究

为了探究复方杨树花口服液在体内的抗炎作用。试验取40只雄性小鼠,随机分为5组,8只/组,分别是空白对照组(生理盐水: 6 ml/kg),阳性对照组(阿斯匹林: 200 mg/kg)和复方杨树花组(高剂量组(12 ml/kg)、中剂量组(6 ml/kg)、低剂量组(3 ml/kg))。左耳涂抹20 μl二甲苯计算耳肿胀率;取40只小鼠做相同处理后,左足注射0.1 ml 10%蛋清制造小鼠足趾肿胀模型,计算小鼠足趾肿胀度。另取40只小鼠随机分为5组,8只/组,分别是空白对照组,阳性对照组和给药组(高、中、低剂量组),除空白对照组,其余组注射15 mg/kg LPS腹腔注射制作小鼠炎症模型,测定血清中TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6含量。结果表明：高剂量复方杨树花口服液能显著性抑制小鼠的耳肿胀率和足趾肿胀度(p＜0.01);并能显著性抑制LPS引起的小鼠血清中TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6含量的升高(p<0.01),与阿司匹林效果相似(p>0.01)。说明：复方杨树花在小鼠体内具有一定的抗炎效果,以12 ml/kg灌胃体内抗炎效果较好。