鹿茸茶的研制

鹿茸茶是以鲜鹿茸、红参为主料,辅以食药兼用的枸杞等滋补药材,科学组方,经分级提取、分离、浓缩、纯化、调配、制粒而成的保健茶。最佳工艺为:鹿茸提取温度为53±2℃,颗粒冷冻干燥,乳糖∶甘露醇=4∶1的混合辅料为颗粒赋形剂,主料和辅料比为1∶1。     

东北梅花鹿茸不同部位水解氨基酸含量的比较分析

对 10支东北梅花鹿茸作了不同部位水解氨基酸含量的比较分析 ,结果表明 ,水解氨基酸含量在东北梅花鹿茸腊片、粉片、血片和骨片各部位之间差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。     

皖西白鹅羽区皮肤组织结构的研究及其绒被分析

本试验针对皖西白鹅绒皮制裘生产中的问题，观察研究了１２０、１５０、２００、２４０、３６０、５４０六个日龄组计４８只皖西白鹅绒皮的组织结构。结果表明，各日龄组皮肤结构差异不甚明显。其真皮内羽肌发达，羽囊粗大，脂肪组织含量多，纤维层薄，纤维成分少，排列疏松。２４０日龄以后纤维层增厚。     

Phosphorus bioavailability in ash from straw and sewage sludge processed by low‐temperature biomass gasification

Reuse of phosphorus (P) from waste streams used for bioenergy conversion is desirable to reduce dependence on nonrenewable P resources. Two different ash materials from low‐temperature biomass gasification of wheat straw and sewage sludge, respectively, were investigated with regard to their P bioavailability. A set of pot experiments with spring barley was carried out to compare the ash P fertiliser value with mineral P fertiliser and the sewage sludge feedstock. An indirect radioactive labelling approach with ³³P was used to determine the amount of P taken up from the fertiliser materials. Depending on the application rate, straw gasification ash produced a fertiliser response comparable to mineral P. However, P uptake from the ash was generally less than uptake from equivalent amounts of mineral P, and the calculated relative effectiveness was 44% after 6 weeks of plant growth. In contrast, the P fertiliser value of Fe‐rich sewage sludge after low‐temperature gasification was practically zero. These results suggest that ash from low‐temperature gasification could be developed into alternative P fertilisers; however, as the P bioavailability depends greatly on the feedstock used, a greater emphasis on feedstock composition is required.     

Application of body size spectra to nematode trait-index analyses

Current trait-based indices of soil fauna for assessing soil quality rely on extensive knowledge of life history traits for hyper-diverse groups. We look at the effects of clear-cut forest harvesting and subsequent wood ash application on the free-living nematode community using trait-based indices and body size spectra. We test the hypothesis that body size is a unifying trait and that the body size spectra can be used to demonstrate changes in soil quality while overcoming taxonomic impediments. Undisturbed boreal forest floor soils were compared with clear-cut sites amended with zero, one-half calcium equivalent wood ash, equivalent calcium reintroduction, and twice calcium reintroduction. Total abundance, trait-based metrics for the Maturity Index, and two metrics of body size spectra were calculated. Nematode abundance was not a good indicator of soil disturbance, while traditional trait-based approaches (the summed Maturity Index) demonstrated predicted changes in community structure. Analysis of two types of body size spectra elucidated how the community had changed under disturbance, and revealed that smaller bodied organisms were lost under ash amended treatments compared to both clear-cut and undisturbed forest. Using the body size spectra for nematodes is a simple addition to current trait-based approaches that can supplement soil assessments for disturbance and quality without requiring taxonomic expertise.     

外加剂和掺和料对砂浆性能影响的

当前，在水工棍凝土工程中，抹而砂浆的强度和抗渗性能越来越受到人们的重视通过对比试验，研究了减水剂、引气剂单掺、复掺及与硅粉、粉煤灰复掺，对砂浆强度和抗渗性能的影响，并从机理方面分析它们改善砂浆性能的原因结论是:减水剂、引气剂与硅粉、粉煤灰适当配比复掺，对砂浆的强度和抗渗性能的改善显著     

粉煤灰和碳酸钙对As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上小麦产量性状及麦株As含量的影响

随着经济的发展,土壤As污染问题日益严重。采用露天盆栽试验方法,研究了在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上,添加粉煤灰和碳酸钙对小麦成熟期产量及其性状、小麦根、茎叶和籽粒As含量的影响,并探讨了粉煤灰和碳酸钙对土壤As（Ⅲ）污染修复的有效方法。结果表明,在土壤中添加100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰或1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙能使小麦株高、结实小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量增加。与对照相比,在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上,100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰处理显著地增加了小麦产量（P〈0．05）,极显著地降低了小麦籽粒As含量（P〈0．01）;1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙处理极显著地增加了小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和产量（P〈0．01）,显著地降低了根中As含量（P〈0．05）,极显著地降低了籽粒As含量（P〈0．01）。因此,在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上,添加100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰或1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙能使小麦产量升高,籽粒As含量下降,有效地缓解As（Ⅲ）对小麦的毒害。     

不同小生境对喀斯特山区花椒林表土团聚体有机碳和活性有机碳分布的影响

以贵州西南部典型喀斯特地区花椒林下的石缝、石沟、石洞、石槽、石坑及一般土壤为研究对象,对0-20cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳和活性有机碳分布特征进行分析。结果表明,与一般土壤相比,石沟和石坑明显增加了原状土壤和各粒径团聚体土壤有机碳及活性有机碳的含量,而石槽和石洞则有所降低。除石沟外,有机碳含量较高的土壤主要增加了>5mm粒级团聚体含量。随着土壤团聚体粒径的降低,有机碳和活性有机碳呈"∨"形分布,并在<0.25mm粒级达到最大。团聚体对土壤有机碳和活性有机碳的贡献出现2个峰值,分别在5～2mm和1～0.5mm 2个粒级中出现,而<0.25mm团聚体对有机碳和活性有机碳的贡献率最低。相关性分析表明,土壤团聚体活性有机碳含量与土壤团聚体总有机碳含量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.796),团聚体活性有机碳可以作为衡量喀斯特山区土壤团聚体有机碳动态的一个敏感性指标。     

3种改良剂对油菜生物量及其吸收重金属的影响

通过连续三季盆栽试验研究粉煤灰、膨润土、腐殖酸提高油菜生物量,降低油菜Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn浓度的效果。结果表明,膨润土、腐殖酸、粉煤灰的施入提高油菜生物量的效果第二季好于第一、三季。仅考虑对生物量的影响,改良剂效果为膨润土>腐殖酸>粉煤灰。第二季膨润土降低油菜Cd浓度效果较好;第二季粉煤灰、第二季膨润土及第二、三季腐殖酸降低油菜Pb浓度效果较好,3种改良剂均有降低油菜中Pb浓度的效果;3种改良剂均未显著影响油菜中Cu浓度;第二季膨润土降低油菜Zn浓度效果较好。3种改良剂抑制土壤重金属进入油菜的效果不同,应用时可根据改良剂特点适时施入土壤,充分发挥改良剂吸附、固定重金属的作用。