两个氮素利用率不同的水稻品种根系形态及生理特性的差异

The variation in nitrogen (N) uptake by rice has been widely studied but differences in rice root morphology that may contribute to this variation are not completely understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study N accumulation, root dry weights, total root lengths, root surface areas, and root bleeding rates of two rice cultivars, Elio with low N-use efficiency and Nanguang with high N-use efficiency. Low (1 mmol N L^-1) and high (5 mmol N L^-1) N applications were established in the greenhouse experiment, and the N rates were 0, 120, and 240 kg ha^-1 in the field experiments at Jiangning and Jiangpu farms, Nanjing, China. The results showed that the N accumulation, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area increased with an increase in N application. At the heading stage, N accumulation in the shoots and roots of Nanguang was greater than that of Elio in the field experiments and that of Elio at 5 mmol N L^-1 in the greenhouse experiment. After the heading stage, N accumulation was higher for Nanguang at both 1 and 5 mmol N L^-1 in the greenhouse experiment. The total root length and root surface area were significantly different between the two cultivars. Over the range of the fertilizer application rates, the root lengths of Nanguang at Jiangning Farm were 49%-61% greater at booting and 26%-39% greater at heading than those of Elio, and at Jiangpu Farm they were 22%-42% and 26%-38% greater, respectively. Nanguang had a greater root bleeding rate than Elio. It was concluded that the N-use efficiency of the two rice cultivars studied depended to a great extent on the root morphological parameters and root physiological characteristics at different growth stages.     

锰肥施用对大豆若干生理诊断指标影响的研究

以“垦农4号”为材料,利用锰浸种和初花期叶面喷施,在小区试验的条件下研究了锰对大豆根系伤流量、伤流液中硝态氮和氨基酸含量调控的效应。结果表明,适量的锰浸种与叶面喷施可增加大豆植株的伤流量,提高大豆植株主动吸水能力和根系生理活性。不同浓度锰浸种对大豆伤流液中硝态氮与氨基酸含量影响不是很明显;适量锰叶面喷施可明显促进大豆伤流液中硝态氮与氨基酸含量,使其高于对照与高浓度锰处理。     

不同硼效率棉花品种根系参数和伤流液组分的差异

溶液培养条件下研究硼对不同硼效率棉花品种根系参数、伤流量及伤流液组分的影响。结果表明,缺硼抑制棉花根系生长,根重、根体积、根长、活跃吸收面积、总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积占总吸收面积的比例以及伤流量均显著降低,高效品种降低幅度比低效品种小;缺硼还使高效品种根系比表面积升高,而低效品种无显著变化。缺硼显著影响不同棉花品种伤流液各组分含量,与低效品种相比,高效品种伤流液中有较多的NO3-、K+、无机磷、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸。说明缺硼条件下高效品种根系比低效品种具有更强的吸收、代谢活力,可能是其硼效率较高的主要原因之一。     

3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析

以核桃、猕猴桃和葡萄为试材,分析和比较了3种果树伤流液中游离氨基酸、硝态氮和铵态氮的含量。结果表明,3种果树伤流液中氨基酸有1216种,各种氨基酸含量不同。春季,总氨基酸含量核桃最多,葡萄最少。猕猴桃伤流液中硝态氮含量较高,达205.252 mg·L-1,葡萄次之,而核桃伤流液中硝态氮含量很低,仅有0.495 mg·L-1 。3种果树伤流液中铵态氮含量很少,低于1.2 mg·L-1。西北林学院学报21卷第3期禹 婷等3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析     

大鼠发情周期各阶段的阴道细胞变化观察

为了比较准确的确定大鼠发情周期各个阶段,利用阴道组织涂片法,对14只6月龄雌性Wistar大鼠连续20 d进行阴道涂片,镜检,观察阴道涂片中细胞的变化规律。结果表明,在发情间期,阴道涂片以白细胞为主(84.6个±1.1个);发情前期以有核上皮细胞为主(72.4个±8.3个);在发情期,以角质化的上皮细胞为主(78个±5.4个);发情后期角质化上皮细胞、有核上皮细胞和白细胞3种细胞都有,而且比例相当。阴道涂片法能简便有效的区分大鼠发情周期的各个阶段。     

愈伤涂膜剂对树干伤口灭菌防腐试验

[目的]对黄斑星天牛危害树木后留下的成虫产卵刻槽、羽化孔、幼虫的排粪孔和打孔注药后所造成的孔洞、伤疤、伤流进行修复,利用愈伤涂膜剂进行涂抹试验,并确定涂药量和涂药时间.促使伤口快速愈合,减少伤流和腐烂病发生.[方法]在树木冬眠初期或早春树木萌动前,将愈伤涂膜剂均匀地涂抹在树干伤口上,以涂满伤疤为宜.[结果]该药剂除了对50 a以上的树木伤口愈合率低外,对其它树木愈伤效果很明显,伤口愈合率可达58.6;,伤流株率下降了41.2;;腐烂病也可降低92.7;.[结论]愈伤涂膜剂在树干伤口上不但能够迅速形成具有透气性强的保护膜,起到封闭、阻隔作用,防止树液流失,而且还具有灭菌防腐,促进愈伤组织的再生能力.     

种植密度和种植方式对超高产大豆根系形态和活力的影响

【目的】比较种植密度和单播、混播种植方式对大豆超高产品种和普通品种根系形态和活力的影响。【方法】于2012和2013年在盆栽条件下,研究不同种植密度和单混种植处理对超高产品种辽豆14、中黄35和普通品种辽豆11根系形态、根系活力和伤流成分的影响。采用随机区组试验设计,种植密度设3个水平（3株/盆、6株/盆和9株/盆）,2个种植类型（单一种植方式：各品种单播;混合种植方式：同一盆中各品种按1﹕1种植）。在大豆的开花期 （R2）、鼓粒中期（R6）和生理成熟期（R8）取样,将根系从土中取出,反复冲洗, 利用根系扫描仪WinRhizo Program（Re．gent Instruments Inc．Canada）对样根进行扫描测量,测定单株总根长、根表面积和根体积;根系活力用TTC法（甲醇浸泡法）测定;伤流液用重量法收取;伤流液中的磷用钼酸铵比色法测定（UV-2450）,钾用火焰光度计（PEAA800）测定,可溶性糖用蒽酮法测定;由超高产品种在混播、单播处理下根系性状的比值除以普通品种在混播、单播处理下根系性状的比值得到超高产品种相对于普通品种的根系竞争比率（RCR）,RCR＞1表示超高产品种比普通品种的根系竞争力强。【结果】超高产品种和普通品种大豆的根系形态性状、根系活力和伤流成分在密度和种植方式间均存在显著差异。整个生育期,不同品种大豆的根系形态性状和根系活力均在鼓粒期达到最大,伤流量和伤流成分的最高值则出现在开花期。鼓粒期至成熟期,超高产品种的单株根长、根体积普遍高于普通品种,单播和混播处理下,分别较普通品种高出8.2%、10.4%和53.9%、34.6%。超高产品种的根系活力较强,而且具有较高的伤流量和伤流成分,3种密度水平下,超高产品种的平均伤流量分别高出普通品种16.9%、42.0%和49.1%。超高产品种的根系竞争比率普遍高于普通品种。随密度的增加,超高产品种和普通品种的单株根表面积和根体积下降,其中普通品种的下降幅度更大,达50.9%和50.7%。混播时超高产品种与普通品种的根系活力差异随密度的增加而增大;超高产品种相对于普通品种的根系竞争比率也提高,由平均1.00增至1.63,其中6株/盆处理下根系竞争比率增幅达到显著水平。6株/盆和9株/盆的种植密度下,超高产品种的单株籽粒产量高于普通品种,混播时差异达显著水平;随密度的增加,超高产品种和普通品种的单株生物量和籽粒产量下降,其中普通品种的下降幅度更大,达62.5%和60.0%;大豆根系形态性状、根系活力与单株生物量和籽粒产量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】超高产品种在密植条件下根系更发达,具有较强的根系吸收能力、竞争力和较高的物质生产力。     

Bleeding of Farmed Atlantic Cod: Residual Blood,Color, and Quality Attributes of Pre- and Postrigor Fillets as Affected by Perimortem Stress and Different Bleeding Methods

The main objectives of the study were to (a) assess the effect of perimortem stress on blood drainage, (b) compare the efficiency of gill cutting and direct gutting as bleeding methods, and (c) compare pre- and postrigor filleting strategies for presence of residual blood in Atlantic cod fillets. Anesthetized cod had significantly higher drainage of blood compared to stressed fish. Nevertheless, the visual assessments of residual blood were not affected by stress or bleeding method. Some minor, but significant, differences between pre- and postrigor fillets were found. Stressed fish were initially less light in color than those unstressed, but after ice storage there was no noticeable difference. However, initially, the largest difference in fillet color was due to different bleeding methods. Fillets cut from fish subjected to gill cutting were lighter and less red in color than those bled by direct gutting. After 7 and 21 days of storage, the color differences observed in fresh and salted fillets, respectively, were mainly due to the different rigor status when they were filleted, indicating that fillets cut postrigor were superior to fillets cut prerigor. Prerigor filleting resulted in lower water holding capacity after ice storage in anesthetized, direct gutted cod.