大麦耐铝毒机制的研究进展

铝离子对根系的毒害是酸性土壤中农作物生产的主要限制因子。大麦在所有禾本科农作物中对铝离子毒害最为敏感。耐铝毒性在大麦品种间存在变异,遗传分析表明在大麦第4染色体长臂上有一个主效基因（Alp）控制大麦对铝毒的抗性。本文总结了最近几年关于大麦耐铝毒机理的研究进展,特别是大麦耐铝毒基因Alp的克隆及其功能分析,并对禾本科其它农作物中相关耐铝毒基因的研究进行了比较。     

pH、抗坏血酸对柠檬酸铁胺化学状态的影响

本研究对不同ｐＨ值、不同抗坏血酸水平及不同时间内柠檬酸铁胺中以各种化学状态存在的铁（包括可溶性铁、离子化铁、二价铁及三价铁）进行了定量分析和研究，结果表明，在本研究的ｐＨ值范围内（２．７～６．４），柠檬酸铁胺都可以保持较高的溶解性。低ｐＨ有助于溶解的铁以离子状态存在，随ｐＨ值的升高，柠檬酸铁胺中铁的离子化程度有下降趋势，且ｐＨ的升高阻止了三价铁向二价铁的转化，导致不溶性铁盐的形成，在本研究的ｐＨ范围内，抗坏血酸都表现出了还原性。抗坏血酸对柠檬酸铁胺都具有促进溶解、促进离子化、促进三价铁还原为二价铁，抗坏血酸的这些作用都是通过其还原作用和络合作用实现的。     

植酸酶对3种植物性原料中植酸磷含量的影响

利用微生物植酸酶分别对3种植物性原料(豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、小麦)进行酶处理,研究不同浓度植酸酶作用下3种植物性原料中植酸磷含量的变化。3种原料分别有6组处理(植酸酶对照0 U/kg,柠檬酸对照,500U/kg,750 U/kg,1000 U/kg,1500 U/kg),每组处理3个重复。结果表明:植酸酶能够显著降低3种植物性原料中植酸磷的含量(P<0.05),同时提升有效磷的含量。通过对磷当量的分析,本试验中以植酸酶组1000 U/kg最为经济有效。植酸酶对照组中植酸磷含量也有所下降,说明柠檬酸单独对植酸起到了一定的分解作用。     

Effects of silver nanoparticle size, concentration and coating on soil quality as indicated by arylsulfatase and sulfite oxidase activities

Recently, the nanotechnology industry has seen a growing interest in integrating silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) into agricultural products, which increases soil exposure to these particles. This demands an investigation into the effect of AgNPs on soil health. Changes in soil enzyme activities upon exposure to AgNPs can serve as early indicators of any adverse effects that these particles may have on soil quality. This study aimed to determine the effects of AgNP size, concentration, coating, and e...     

Comparison of 2 methods for establishing rat model of chronic osmotic diarrhea

AIM: To compare 2 different rat models of chronic osmotic diarrhea with the lactose enrichment and magnesium citrate methods. METHODS: The SD rats (n=31) were randomly divided into lactose enrichment diarrhea group (Lac group, 12 rats), magnesium citrate diarrhea group (Mg group, 12 rats) and normal control group (Con group, 7 rats). The rats in Lac group were fed with a lactose enrichment diet and freely drank water. The rats in Mg group were fed with a standard diet and drank magnesium citrate solution. The Con group was fed with a standard diet and normal water. The general conditions and the characteristics of stool were observed every day. The grip strength and motor activity of the rats were measured after diarrhea for 14 d. The trans-epithelial resistance of the colonic mucosa was detected by Ussing chamber. The pathological changes of villus height and villus surface area in the intestine were observed with hemato-xylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: The rats in both diarrhea groups displayed the clinical manifestations of slow increase in body weight, spare and dull hair, lacking in strength and physical inactivity. The grip strength and motor activity of the rats in both diarrhea groups decreased significantly compared with Con group. The diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of the rats in the 2 diarrhea groups were both significantly higher than those in Con group (P<0.05). Moreover, the diarrhea index in Lac group was significantly increased compared with Mg group. The thickness of intestinal mucosa in Lac group was thinner than that in Mg group at the same time. However, the damage of intestinal villi in Mg group was more serious than that in Lac group.CONCLUSION: Both methods of lactose enrichment-induced diarrhea and magnesium citrate-induced diarrhea meet the requirement of chronic osmotic diarrhea, but there are different advantages between the diarrhea models. Therefore, we should select the correct diarrhea model to meet different aims of the experiments.     

香蕉柠檬酸合酶基因MaGCS的克隆及生物信息学分析

采用RACE-PCR的方法首次在香蕉中获得一个柠檬酸合酶基因的cDNA序列。经序列测定和Blastx比对分析表明，该cDNA全长1 885bp，编码513个氨基酸残基，具有植物柠檬酸合酶基因的特征结构域，并与其他植物来源的乙醛酸循环体的柠檬酸合酶具有很高的序列相似性，将其命名为MaGCS(Musa glyoxysomal citrate synthase)，并对其进行生物信息学分析，初步预测其理化性质及功能等。     

低毒防腐剂百菌清及铜制剂对木材尺寸稳定及力学性能的影响

百菌清（CTL）、氨浴季铵铜（ACQ）、氨溶柠檬酸铜（ACC）处理马尾松（Pinus massoniana)、毛白杨（Populus tomentosa)后对木材尺寸稳定性及MOE／MOR的影响本文进行了研究。结果表明，除剂量11．48kg/m^3的百菌清处理的毛白杨外，以上防腐剂处理试材后吸水至饱和时的尺寸稳定性与对照相比有不同程度的增加，幅度为3．9％－28．05；各处理对抗弯弹性模量（MOE）影响幅度不大，其中对于马尾松，MOE差异不明显，对于毛白杨，各处理对MOE稍有增加（百菌清乳剂处理除外），幅度6．3％－8．1之间。各制剂处理马尾松、毛白杨后对抗弯强度（MOR）影响不明显。     

柠檬酸铁作为发色剂对改善羊排色泽的研究

通过L8(23)正交试验,研究了不同浓度条件下的柠檬酸铁、柠檬酸和L-抗坏血酸钠对羊排的发色作用。影响羊排发色效果的因素依次为柠檬酸铁与柠檬酸的共同作用、柠檬酸铁单独作用、柠檬酸铁与抗坏血酸钠的共同作用、柠檬酸的单独作用和抗坏血酸钠的单独作用。当柠檬酸铁、柠檬酸和L-抗坏血酸钠的的质量比为2∶1∶2时的发色效果最佳,且当柠檬酸铁的质量分数为0.05%,柠檬酸的质量分数为0.025%,L-抗坏血酸钠的质量分数为0.05%时的发色效果好于试验中的其余组。     

溴隐亭和克罗米芬对乌鸡生殖激素水平及产蛋性能的影响

研究溴隐亭和克罗米芬对乌鸡血液中生殖激素水平、就巢时间和产蛋性能的影响。将36只就巢的丝羽乌鸡随机分成3组,Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ组第1～2天每只口服溴隐亭1.25mg/d,第3～7天每只口服克罗米芬12.5mg/d;Ⅲ组第1～2天每只口服溴隐亭0.625mg/d,第3～4天每只口服溴隐亭1.25mg/d,第5～6天每只口服克罗米芬25mg/d,第7天每只口服克罗米芬12.5mg。试验结果表明,Ⅱ组血液中雌激素水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血液中雌激素水平极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组平均就巢时间最长,为8.58d,Ⅱ组为6.67d,Ⅲ组为6.83d;Ⅰ～Ⅲ组处理后1个月内的平均产蛋率分别为37.72%、59.65%和53.51%,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3个组的平均蛋质量分别为43.86、44.65和44.16g,蛋形指数分别为1.306、1.312和1.323,蛋壳厚度分别为0.327、0.338和0.332mm,溴隐亭和克罗米芬对后3项指标的作用效果差异不显著(P>0.05)。