荷电颗粒多相湍流数学模型的构建

随着静电喷雾技术的发展,对荷电多相湍流的研究也不断深入,由于这一流动现场极其复杂,模型构建的难度增大.在多相湍流模型建立的理论基础上,采用双流体模型,考虑湍流脉动与电场耦合作用,引入“体平均”概念,构建了荷电多相湍流数学模型.“双流体”多相湍流模型在工业领域模拟复杂湍流中的成功应用和不断发展,为荷电多相湍流提供了新的工程模拟模型和方法.在单相荷电流体湍流模型方程建立的基础上,根据“双流体”多相湍流模型建立的理论基础,把荷电颗粒当作拟流体处理,借用拟流体多相湍流描述方程建立的方法,推导了荷电颗粒拟流体多相湍流的描述方程,为进一步获得荷电颗粒拟流体多相湍流模型提供了基础.     

基于改进湍流模型和偏振成像技术的水下退化图像复原方法

为了满足工厂化水产养殖中过程控制的信息化要求,该文提出一种基于改进湍流模型结合偏振成像技术,具有较强鲁棒性的水下退化图像复原方法。考虑内外尺度对波结构函数影响,结合折射率谱,改进水下湍流退化模型以提高复原算法先验知识的完备性;基于改进的退化模型和水下前向散射光的偏振特性,利用偏振成像技术提取退化图像中的噪声特征;基于退化图像噪声特征,采用约束最小二乘滤波法进行退化图像复原;最后,对复原效果进行相应比较,结果表明在强湍流条件下本算法具有更为理想的复原效果。该研究可为复杂水流条件下水下退化图像复原方法研究提供参考。     

Simulation study of stochastic fluctuating wind field for wind turbine blades

The differences of the wind field model between wind turbines and common architectures are investigated. It is indicated that substantial frequency contents are transferred to rotor rotation frequency and its harmonics due to the periodic motions of blade. According to standard von Karman power spectral density (PSD) model and rotationally sampled PSD model, the PSD matrix for turbulence on blades of wind turbine is setup. The longitudinal turbulence’s time serials is simulated based on the superimposition of harmonic waves.     

明渠河道紊流特性试验研究

利用室内矩形水槽，精细模拟了5个工况下的槽内水流运动，借助三维超声波多普勒测速仪（ADV）量测了不同垂线、不同测点的瞬时流速。从4个角度拟合矩形断面明渠沿垂线的流速分布，并计算了测点三维相对紊动强度和雷诺应力，分析其变化特征。试验结果表明：⑴脉动流速基本符合正态分布，纵向流速沿垂线分布大体成J型，但在近水面处有稍许降低，横、垂向流速较小，在0附近徘徊；⑵通过4种公式拟合发现，对数公式d对本试验结果拟合最好；⑶横、垂向相对紊动强度比较小，而纵向要大得多，且变化幅度也较大，纵向相对紊动强度受流量和水量影响；⑷雷诺应力垂线分布基本符合三角形分布，随着流量的减少或水量的增大，雷诺应力垂线分布平均值变小。     

带悬板排沙漏斗三维流场测试

本文首次利用激光多普勒测速仪（ＬＤＡ）测试了排沙漏斗的三维螺旋流流场，并对其时均流特性及紊动特性进行了分析。     

Using patch studies to link mesoscale patterns of feeding and growth in larval fish to environmental variability

We present results from a series of three patch studies designed to examine links between environmental variability and mesoscale patterns of feeding and growth of larval radiated shanny ( Ulvaria subbifurcata ). We examine the effects of variability in temperature, turbulence and prey concentration on both the mean (i.e. population level) and the variance (i.e. individual level) of larval feeding and growth rates among the three bays. Although both gut fullness and growth rates differ significantly between bays, our results show only weak environmental influences. When larvae are pooled across bays (i.e. treated as independent observations), environmental factors generally explain <4% of the variability in gut fullness. When treated as daily mean residuals, however, temperature accounts for 41% of the variability in mean gut fullness, while both temperature and prey concentration also explain significant portions of the variance in gut fullness (38 and 43%, respectively). Between-bay differences in larval growth rates are consistent with patterns of temperature variation but not with patterns of prey availability. Studies relying on tracking a single patch of larvae typically suffer from having too few observations to detect significant relationships between feeding or growth and environmental variables. By following three patches we collected a larger number of observations. However, as we encountered only a limited range of environmental conditions it remains difficult to adequately assess the role of environmental factors. In part, this problem stems from the inability of fisheries oceanographers to track the recent environmental history of individual larvae on the same fine scales currently employed to collect biological data (e.g. guts and otoliths) on individuals.     

建筑数值风洞的基础研究

数值风洞模拟要想获得理想的计算精度,依赖计算人员的理论基础及其在具体操作中对各种重要因素的选择.针对这个问题,本文采用一个CUBE建筑模型的风洞试验的试验结果作为比较标准,比较了各种不同条件下的建筑数值风洞模拟结果和试验结果,着重分析了网格划分、计算区域、湍流模型和对流项的差分格式等因素对建筑数值风洞数值模拟结果的影响.模拟结果表明:在各种影响因素中,计算区域的影响相对较小,而网格划分、湍流模型的影响相对较大.最后给出如何对上述各种因素作出合理选择的建议.     

用预处理方法及可压Navier-Stokes方程计算低马赫数流动

用可压方法及预处理方法求解了低马赫数紊流流动,其中空间离散格式采用了Roe格式,紊流模型采用了DES模型.以绕NACA0012的紊流流动为例,分析了该方法对提高流动速度和精度的特性,并将其用到多段翼型及绕圆柱的非定常流动中.数值模拟结果表明,该方法能有效求解低速流动及混合流场问题,且具有较高的数值精度.     

过渡状态下明渠水流紊动规律的模糊模型

通过研究过渡状态下的水流紊动规律，层流、过渡状态、充分发展的紊流可以被认为是一发展、渐变、模糊的过程。基于此，通过引进模糊数学的隶属度，过渡状态的紊动规律可表述为程度的层流与程度的紊流的综合作用，导出了过渡状态下时均流速公式和阻力系数公式。并将其应用于明渠水流，理论结果与试验资料比较符合。     

泵轮叶片削剪对液力变矩器性能的影响

削剪泵轮叶片是优化液力变矩器性能的一种手段。为了研究泵轮叶片削剪程度对液力变矩器性能的影响规律,该研究基于计算流体动力学,采用应力混合涡湍流模型（stress-blended eddy simulation,SBES）对液力变矩器内部流场进行仿真模拟,依托外特性试验验证仿真结果的准确性。通过Q准则涡识别方法,甄选合适阈值重构叶片削剪前后泵轮流道三维涡系结构,定性分析多尺度涡动力学特性,量化提取二维流场图谱信息,揭示流速场时空演化规律。结果表明：泵轮叶片设计流线从出口处经过10%、20%和30%的削剪后,液力变矩器的变矩比逐渐增大,由原型变矩器的1.77增大到叶片削剪30%的2.33,泵轮转矩系数降幅明显,由原型变矩器的5.51降低到叶片削剪30%的3.39,叶片削剪10%后变矩比增大4.34%,泵轮转矩系数降低10.73%,降幅明显;随着泵轮叶片削剪程度加剧,叶片对流体的推动作用减弱,流体动能减小,多尺度涡运动趋势衰减,流道中部涡结构特征改变,流道出口高能小尺度“脱落涡”现象减弱;泵轮流道出口流速随叶片削剪程度增大而减小,由原型变矩器的23 m/s降低到叶片削剪30%的19 m/s,泵轮进口流速几乎不变,因进出口流速的变化,泵轮转矩系数降低。研究结果可为液力变矩器叶片设计与性能优化提供指导性建议。