非自然越夏区小麦白粉病模拟鉴定病圃

作者于1990～1995年根据陕西省关中麦区小麦白粉病侵染循环特点,人工模拟自然发病条件,在非自然越夏区杨陵(省农科院试验地)成功地建立起白粉病菌可周年存活,且秋、春季均能充分诱发感染的混合菌系病圃,宜对小麦种质材料进行全生育期抗白粉病鉴定。利用该病圃已对陕西省1000余份小麦品种(系)及部分国内外抗源亲本材料做了抗病性鉴定和利用评价。     

甘肃、青海地区小麦条锈菌监测及群体遗传多样性分析

【目的】了解甘肃和青海小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici)春季流行传播路线、群体遗传多样性和生殖模式,明确春季流行期两省小麦条锈菌的传播关系及菌源交流规律,进而为两省小麦条锈病的预测预报、确定越夏初始菌源来源和有效治理提供理论依据。【方法】选择条锈病常发生的地区作为调查和研究区域。甘肃省4个试验点:陇南市文县、陇东平凉市崆峒区、中部麦区定西市临洮县、临夏州临夏县;青海省2个试验点:西宁市城北区、海东市互助县。2017年秋季,在甘肃和青海省6个试验点内根据当地小麦播种适期依次种植82份变异观察圃材料。2018年4—8月,对试验点82份变异观察圃材料进行田间病害调查,并采集到551份小麦条锈菌标样,使用15对引物进行SSR分子标记分析。利用GenAlEx和POPPR v2.5.0软件对数据进行相关分析,不显著的rbarD值表示连锁平衡,用于推断群体是否发生有性重组。【结果】82份变异观察圃材料在甘肃地区发病比青海地区严重。15对引物组合共扩增出81个位点,每对引物组合产生的多态性位点为2—12个。551份样本克隆矫正后,共鉴定出505个多位点...     

小麦白粉菌分生孢子离体后存活时间与温度的定量关系研究

<正>小麦白粉病是我国小麦生产上的重要病害之一,由专性寄生真菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici引起。此病害是典型的气传病害,病菌分生孢子可借助高空气流远距离传播为害~([1]),高空传播距离与病菌的分生孢子存活时间有直接关系,而温度是     

Heading date and resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat not genetically associated

Nineteen cultivars, with large differences in heading date, were evaluated for their response to septoria tritici blotch in two experimental setups in Njoro, Kenya. Due to the more or less constant temperatures during the growing season and the overhead irrigation applied the epidemic conditions were similar over the whole observation period for the early and late cultivars. In experiment 1 the cultivars were assessed for disease severity at the same moment irrespective of the developmental stage, while in experiment 2 the cultivars were assessed at the same developmental stage. Measured at the same time, the disease severity was highest in the early maturing cultivars and lowest in the late maturing cultivars (r = –0.78). When assessed at the same development stage the disease build up was independent of heading date (r = –0.10) but strongly dependent on resistance level. There were no indications that early heading cultivars were more susceptible than late heading cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Assessment of partial resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat varieties

Field trials in two cropping seasons and two locations in central China were conducted on 60 Chinese autumn‐sown wheat varieties to assess their partial resistance to powdery mildew. Mean levels of disease severity ranged from close to 0 to more than 90%. The method of inoculation and the location in which trials were conducted affected the relative performance of the varieties, but these effects were much smaller than the main effect of variety. The area under the disease progress curve was highly correlated with final disease severity, but both were poorly correlated with apparent infection rate. Disease severity was regressed against frequencies of virulence in the Blumeria graminis (syn. Erysiphe graminis) f sp. tritici populations in the trial plots. A vertical distance (D) from the mean mildew severity to the fitted line was calculated for each variety and was used to quantify partial resistance. Five of the 60 varieties, ‘Hx8541’, ‘E28547’, ‘Chuan1066’, ‘Zhe88pin6’ and ‘Lin5064’, consistently expressed relatively low levels of disease despite high frequencies of virulence in the pathogen and had consistently high D‐values. They may therefore have good levels of partial resistance.     

不同小麦品种小麦白粉病发病程度及其田间发生动态分析

【目的】研究新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病危害程度和田间发生动态,为科学防控小麦白粉病提供理论依据。【方法】采用定期定点调查的方法,系统调查不同品种小麦白粉病发生情况。【结果】新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生动态基本一致。新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病病情指数最高分别为8.22、7.11、37.63和25.48。新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著轻于新冬40号和新冬20号,新冬40号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著重于新冬20号。【结论】新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著轻于新冬20号,可根据田间发病情况,合理减施农药。新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著重于新冬20号,应加强对小麦白粉病的预防。     

小麦抗叶锈近等基因系的利用及评价

本文对以Thatcher为遗传背景的近等基因系间的相似程度及其原因进行了综述,对近等基因系的利用及存在的问题进行了讨论。     

小麦抗源品种Garuda“S”抗秆锈病基因单体分析

用中国春单体系列和对Ｇａｒｕｄａ＂ｓ＂无毒性的两个小麦秆锈菌系２１Ｃ３ＣＴＲ和３４Ｃ２ＭＫＲ对Ｇａｒｕｄａ＂ｓ＂进行了抗秆锈病基因的单体分析,并将Ｇａｒｕｄａ＂ｓ＂所含的抗秆锈基因与国际上已命名的Ｓｒ基因进行了异同比较。结果表明：Ｇａｒｕｄａ＂ｓ＂在２Ｂ染色体上含有Ｓｒ９ｂ,它抗秆锈菌系２１Ｃ３ＣＴＲ,侵集型为０－２－;在６Ｂ染色体上携带抗病基因Ｓｒ１１,它只抗３４Ｃ２ＭＫＲ,侵染型为０－;１;在５Ｄ染色体上含有兼抗２１Ｃ３ＣＴＲ和３４Ｃ２ＭＫＲ的抗病基因Ｓｒ３０,它控制０－２的侵染型。对无毒性的菌系,Ｓｒ１１对Ｓｒ３０的抗病效应是上位的。此外,Ｇａｒｕｄａ＂ｓ＂对秆锈菌系２１Ｃ３ＣＴＲ的抗性可能是Ｓｒ９ｂ和Ｓｒ３０累加作用的结果,或许还有其它修饰基因的影响。     

黔花4号小麦及其衍生品系抗白粉病性的遗传特性

黔花４号小麦对白粉菌４１１菌株的抗性遗传研究表明，以感病品种１４２６为杂交亲本时，其抗白粉性受１对显性基因控制，而以感亲绵阳１５号或友谊麦杂交时，其抗性表现则受２对显笥基因控制。在黔花４号×１４２６的高代衍生品系中，ＣＨ２４８和ＣＨ２６４品系为１对显性基因控制抗性，而ＣＨ３３和ＣＨ２７０则为２对基因控制。本文还讨论了不同遗传背景下和同一组合不同品系间所携基因不同的可能原因。