密肥组合对稻茬晚播小麦籽粒产量和效益的影响

为筛选适宜南方晚播稻茬中筋小麦高产高效栽培的密肥组合,以中筋小麦品种扬麦20为材料,研究了江苏淮南地区晚播(11月20日之后播种)条件下密度、施氮量、氮肥基追比对稻茬小麦籽粒产量和效益的影响.结果表明,晚播小麦密度与籽粒产量、效益均呈二次曲线关系,密度为315×104株·hm-2时,籽粒产量最高,达6 721.65～7 884.91 kg·hm-2,效益达3 783.6～5 111.55元·hm-2;施氮量为270 kg·hm-2时籽粒产量极显著高于施氯量210 kg· hm-2处理.在本试验条件下,基本苗为315×104株·hm-2、总施氮量270 kg·hm-2、基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶1∶3∶3时,晚播小麦的籽粒产量和效益最高.     

配方施肥对毛竹笋材的影响

对毛竹笋材两用林进行了平衡施肥技术的研究，结果表明：配方施肥能有效地促进毛竹笋、材的生长，所设7个试验处理中，以N2P1K1(1：0．30：0．22)和N1P1K2(1：0．68：0．98)表现较优。N2P1K1为增加出笋数和新竹数的最佳处理，同时也能较有效地促进竹径增粗和提早出笋；N1P1K2为增粗竹径、促进枝下高增高的最佳处理，在提高单株笋重和增加出笋数上则为其次。     

定州市土壤肥力演变规律与玉米推荐施肥量研究

本研究根据1986—1994年和2007—2010年河北省定州市土壤肥力监测数据,明确了该市土壤肥力演变规律;并通过"3414"田间试验,研究了不同肥力水平下土壤基础地力贡献率和养分贡献率,以及氮磷钾肥用量与玉米产量间的关系。结果表明:1986—1994年土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效磷呈上升趋势,速效钾呈下降趋势,而2007—2010年四种肥力指标均呈上升趋势;随时间延长,土壤基础地力和养分贡献率均下降;回归分析表明,不同土壤肥力水平下玉米产量与氮磷钾肥施用量间均呈显著的三元二次和一元二次曲线相关,结合这两种模型的拟合结果,提出了本市玉米最高产量施肥量和经济最佳产量施肥量推荐范围。     

饲料、温度及成蝇密度对家蝇产卵量的影响

本文研究了饲料、温度、成蝇密度对家蝇产卵量的影响，结果表明：用含有奶粉的饲料饲养幼虫或成蝇，家蝇产卵量最大。最适产卵温度是２４℃，产卵温域是１２．５～３５．３℃。每对平均产卵量与成蝇对数成负相关。群体最适产卵密度是１９４９８对／ｍ３。     

不同菌渣肥施用量对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响

为筛选适宜的菌渣肥配方,减轻农业副产物对环境的危害,提高农业生产的可持续性,以不施菌渣肥为对照(CK-JZ0),探讨了菌渣、牛粪不同体积配比的菌渣肥(JZA(纯菌渣)、JZB(菌渣/牛粪=0.5)、JZC(菌渣/牛粪=1)、JZD(菌渣/牛粪=2)在3 000(JZ1)、6 000(JZ2)、9 000(JZ3)kg/hm23个施用量水平上对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,采用菌渣和牛粪配合施用时,在施用量较低(3 000 kg/hm2)或两者配比不适宜(JZD)时对产量有抑制作用,在适宜的施用量(6 000 kg/hm2、9 000 kg/hm2)和适宜的配比(JZA、JZB、JZC)下才表现出较为明显的增产效果。与CK-JZ0相比,当菌渣和牛粪配合施用量为6 000 kg/hm2时,JZB处理对小麦株高、总干物质量、穗粒数以及JZA处理对小麦的穗粒数有连续稳定的促进作用,JZA处理平均较CK-JZ0增产4.7%;当菌渣和牛粪配合施用量为9 000 kg/hm2时,JZA、JZB、JZC处理对株高、穗长、穗粒数以及JZD处理对穗粒数有持续稳定的促进作用,其中JZB、JZC处理表现出稳定的增产效果,平均分别较CKJZ0增产6.7%、15.9%。     

Monthly variation in litterfall and the amount of nutrients in an Aleurites montana plantation

In this study,the dynamics of monthly variation in litterfall and the amount of nutrients,i.e.,organic C,N,P and K,in an Aleurites montana plantation were analyzed,based on a field study and experiments over one year.The results show that the litterfall mass of A.montana collected generally presents an ascending trend with maximum defoliation occurring in the autumn and winter (October-December),accounting for 75.67% of the total amount of annual litterfall.The sequence in the amount of nutrients in A.montana litter was as follows:organic C > N > K > P;their monthly amounts show various dynamic curves.Similar to the dynamics of the mass of monthly litterfall,the monthly returns of C,N,P and K generally show an ascending trend with their peak values all occurring in December.The mass of A.montana litterfall and the dynamics of its monthly nutrient return provide,to a certain degree,a scientific reference for planting and fertilizing A.montana.     

氮肥不同施入量对水稻新品种富友33生育及产量的影响

采用小区对比试验方法,探讨了氮肥不同施入量对水稻新品种富友33生育及产量的影响。结果表明,增加氮肥施入量,可促进富友33单位面积收获穗数、齐穗期叶面积指数与剑叶净光合速率、成熟期干物质积累量的增加;不利于其成穗率、齐穗期高效叶面积率与有效叶面积率、齐穗后干物质积累量占籽粒产量百分比以及收获指数的提高。在本试验条件下,施氮量(N)240.0 kg/hm2的处理E3获得单产9.22 t/hm2,比E4、E2、E5、E1处理分别增产了0.2%、3.1%、3.4%和7.3%。     

土施钾肥对骏枣叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响

以新疆阿拉尔垦区直播密植栽培模式下的4年生骏枣为试验材料,研究了密植枣园硫酸钾不同施用量和施肥时期对骏枣叶片光合特性及果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,土施钾肥显著提高叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn),以果实膨大期或坐果期结合膨大期土壤追施硫酸钾450 kg/hm~2处理的效果最为显著,而坐果期施钾肥显著降低骏枣叶片气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。骏枣叶片水分利用效率(WUE)随着施钾量的增加而提高,且施肥时期越早效果越显著;蒸腾速率随施钾量的增加而降低,胞间二氧化碳(Ci)含量未受钾肥调控影响。增施钾肥显著提高了骏枣果实单果重、可溶性糖、淀粉及Vc含量,降低有机酸含量,从而提高糖酸比,并提高单果重和鲜果产量,以果实膨大期土施钾肥450 kg/hm~2效果最为显著,其次为果实硬核期施肥。     

Litterfall and nutrient return in five tree species in a common garden experiment

Canopy litterfall is a significant pathway for return of nutrients and carbon (C) to the soil in forest ecosystems. Litterfall was studied in five even-aged stands of Norway spruce, Sitka spruce, Douglas-fir, European beech and common oak at three different locations in Denmark; two sandy sites, Ulborg and Lindet in Jutland, and one loamy site, Frederiksborg on Zealand. Litterfall was collected during three years from 1994 to 1996 in all five species and during six years from 1994 to 1999 in Norway spruce, Sitka spruce and European beech. The average total litterfall was in the range of 3200–3700 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and did not differ significantly among tree species. There were no significant differences in total litterfall among sites during the short period, but during the longer period the richer site Frederiksborg had significantly higher total and foliar litterfall amounts compared to the more nutrient-poor sites Lindet and Ulborg. There were close relationships between foliar and total litterfall suggesting that foliar litterfall can be reliably estimated from total litterfall. Beech and oak bud scale litter was significantly related to foliar litterfall. The amount of branch and twig litter was significantly higher in oak than in other tree species. The average foliar litterfall was well related to the annual volume increment. The relationship differed markedly from previously reported relationships based on global litterfall data suggesting that such relationships are better evaluated at the regional level. Nutrient concentrations and fluxes in foliar litterfall were not significantly different among the five tree species. However, there was a significant effect of site on most nutrient concentrations of the three litterfall fractions, and foliar fluxes of P, Ca and Mn were all significantly highest at Frederiksborg and lowest at Ulborg. The similarity in litterfall inputs to the forest floor under these five tree species suggested that previous reports of large variability in forest floor accumulation should primarily be attributed to differences in litter decomposition.     

温室增温和灌溉量变化对棉花产量、 生物量及水分利用效率的影响

为了解气候变化对棉花生长的影响,在2011—2012 年,通过2 个温室进行增温和灌溉量变化的试验（一个温室用红外灯管增温,另一个不增温）,每个温室设田间灌溉量的0.7 倍、0.85 倍、1 倍、1.15 倍、1.3 倍5 个灌溉水平,研究增温和灌溉量对产量、生物量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,棉花生长季平均温度增加1~3.5℃有利于产量的增加,生长季、花期和铃期温度升高1℃,产量分别增加200.694、225.732、109.838 kg/hm2,而蕾期温度升高1℃却会降低产量162.814 kg/hm2。生长季和蕾期增温1℃会分别降低生物量1079.2、1179.8 kg/hm2,降低产量和干物质的水分利用效率3.4215、2.8098 kg/(hm2·mm)。灌溉倍数每增加1 倍,产量和生物量分别增加734.51、2242.3 kg/hm2。但增温会增加水分的消耗量,这对于处于干旱区的新疆来说是不利的。随着气候变暖,棉花耗水增大,产量增加。