Clinical trials in spontaneous disease in dogs: a new paradigm for investigations of sepsis

Objective: To provide evidence that naturally occurring sepsis in dogs provides a unique opportunity to test new therapies in clinically relevant settings. Data sources: Human and veterinary literature. Human data synthesis: Sepsis is a devastating condition responsible for most intensive care unit deaths. Most clinical trials targeting inflammatory mediators of sepsis have failed to improve outcome in clinical patients despite promising results in laboratory animal models. Animal models of sepsis fail to reproduce the clinical syndrome and therefore lead to conclusions that may not be relevant to clinical care. Veterinary data synthesis: Sepsis is recognized but not well‐characterized in companion animal species. Despite some species variability, the cardiopulmonary response to sepsis in dogs is similar to humans. Additionally, inflammatory and coagulation changes that accompany canine sepsis are consistent with those documented in humans. Sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral infection offers the advantages of relative population homogeneity, predictable course, and easy early diagnosis. The disadvantages of canine parvovirus are that it affects a predominantly young and healthy population and results in low mortality with aggressive supportive care. Septic peritonitis and pneumonia have high mortality but can be challenging to diagnose, have a variable course, and affect a heterogeneous population, which can be an advantage or a disadvantage. Conclusions: Similar to trials currently being performed in canine cancer patients, veterinary clinical trials of new sepsis therapeutics may provide a unique opportunity to advance the treatment of sepsis in dogs, humans, and other species. Spontaneous sepsis from canine parvovirus, peritonitis, and pneumonia are common clinical conditions in which therapeutics can be tested.     

植物基因组上游开放阅读框的挖掘方法及其翻译调控

基因组中约有20％的基因具有上游开放阅读框（upstream open reading frame，uORF），它位于成熟mRNA 5''端非编码区（5''-UTR）。本文简介了uORF同源群的挖掘方法、分类和进化，以及调控下游mORF翻译的研究进展。植物（拟南芥和水稻等）和昆虫（果蝇等）基因组中普遍存在保守肽uORFs，并且在序列多样性方面有相似之处。但它们在平均长度、基因组聚类、与甲基转移酶的关联性上有所不同。植物uORF的长度通常短于昆虫uORF。借助拟南芥和水稻全长cDNA序列比较，不同的uORF同源群对其下游如转录因子，信号转导因子、发育信号分子和翻译起始因子eIF5等编码基因的mORF具有调控功能。对于真核生物基因组中包含CHCH域的uORF进行贝叶斯系统发育分析，结果表明，同源群8-like分属5个物种（绿藻、节肢动物、线虫、无脊椎动物和真菌）。在真核生物生长、发育和生理过程中，uORF通常作为反式因子对mORF表达起调节器作用，例如，在植物蔗糖、多胺、磷脂酰胆碱，以及甲基转移酶反应中，相当大比例的uORF参与介导mORF的翻译调控。     

绵羊中草药饲料添加剂预试初报

为了帮助我国北方旱区或半干旱区绵羊度过草枯严寒的漫长冬、春季，开发研制一种能够提高现有草料利用率的绵羊中草药饲料添加剂。根据中兽医药学的辨证施治理论，采用小鼠日粮添加倍量秸秆粉和不同中草药复方的方法，在120只小鼠上进行了增重率和重料比的中草药复方的筛选研究。结果表明，以益气养血和消食健胃为主的两个中草药复方能够较好地改善小鼠的增重率和重料比。     

Molecular biology of male gametogenesis

Pollen development has been studied at a molecular level in several systems that are amenable to genetic or transgenic analysis. We have characterized several tomato genes that are expressed late in pollen development. Our goals in this research were 1) to determine the cis- and tran-acting factors that mediate pollen expression, and 2) to determine the functions of the proteins encoded by these genes. We currently favor the hypothesis that pollen-specific gene expression is mediated in a combinatorial manner. Antisense experiments have indicated an important role for the LAT52 protein during pollen hydration.     

中兽药散剂治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的研究

奶牛乳房炎严重影响奶业生产。本试验使用中兽药散剂替代抗生素对临床型奶牛乳房炎进行治疗,并对治疗过程中的奶牛乳房炎病程情况、奶牛免疫情况和牛奶品质进行观察,评估中兽药散剂的治疗效果。结果显示：中兽药散剂可有效通乳消痈;可降低牛奶中体细胞数量;可提高粒细胞含量（从2%以下提高到46.3%）;可抑制炎症,降低IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（降低66.3%~71.0%）。得出结论：中药散剂可提高奶牛的免疫功能,治疗乳房炎。     

求解质心运动守恒问题的相对坐标法

对于质心运动守恒问题，理论力学教材中一般用绝对坐标法进行计算。本文提出了一种用相对坐标法求解的计算公式，并举例对用绝对坐标法和相对坐标法解题进行了比较，显示了用相对坐标法解题的简便性     

从中兽医学角度看非洲猪瘟防控

2018年8月非洲猪瘟在我国暴发以来,养猪企业在做好生物安全的基础上,纷纷尝试各种防控措施进行复养。中兽医学作为我国的传统兽医学,在非洲猪瘟防控中如何发挥其特有的作用？文章从中兽医学对疾病的认识以及防控传染性疾病的理念方面进行了分析,并给出应用中兽药防控非洲猪瘟的建议,以期为非洲猪瘟的防控工作提供一种新的思路。