接通“无过渡过程”的三相可控硅开关

本文从理论上探讨了利用可控硅开关实现三相有感电路“无过渡过程”接通的可能性、条件和最佳方案。指出三相零电压开关在纯阻性电路中应用,是它的一种特殊形式。在此基础上,提出了一种在三相有感电路中实现“无过渡过程”接通的可控硅开关的具体电路,实验结果表明如所予期,接通过程三相电流谐波成分很小。     

Flowmaster在泵站过渡过程分析中的应用

讨论了利用Flowmaster进行泵站水力过渡过程计算的技术要点,给出了管道、泵组、阀门、空气阀等元件的建模过程,研究了Flowmaster所没有提供的隧洞、调压井等元件的建模方法.通过引入压力修正系数,实现了基于管道模型的隧洞建模.通过修改有限面积水库模型,并组合流入流出系数,实现了调压井建模.结合国内某泵站,采用上述模型进行了过渡过程计算,获得了各工况下管道和隧洞水压力变化情况.针对断电工况的倒流和启动工况的负压,探讨了泵后阀门关闭规律和空气阀布置方案,使倒流得以控制,负压得以消除.     

Effect of NCA on excitation-contraction coupling of cardiac muscle from phospholamban knockout mice

AIM: Nitroxyl(HNO) increases myofilament Ca²⁺ responsiveness relative to increases in intracellular Ca²⁺ in cardiac muscle. In this study, we further investigated this effect of HNO on trabecular muscles from phospholamban knockout(PLB-KO) and wide-type(WT) mice using a novel HNO donor, 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate(NCA). METHODS: Trabecular muscles were dissected from the right ventricles of the rat hearts and mounted between a force transducer and a motor arm. The muscles were superfused with K-H solution(pH 7.4) at room temperature. Fura-2 was loaded into the trabecular muscles via electrophoresis. The length of the sarcomere was set to 2.2~2.3μm. During steady-state activations, the maximal Ca²⁺-activated force and Ca²⁺ required for 50% activation were measured. RESULTS: The intracellular Ca²⁺ transients and force of the PLB-KO muscles at baseline were higher than those of the WT muscles and exhibited a negative force-frequency relationship(FFR). NCA(2.5μmol/L) increased systolic force in both PLB-KO group and WT group at any given[Ca²⁺]_o. However, there was more dramatic increase in the force development due to moderate increases in the intracellular Ca²⁺ transients in the WT muscles when external Ca²⁺ increased from 1.5 to 4.5 mmol/L under NCA. NCA did not affect the negative FFR in PLB-KO muscle. Steady-state force-Ca²⁺ relations obtained from skinned muscles were not different between the 2 groups, while NCA increased Ca²⁺ responsiveness in skinned muscles from both PLB-KO and WT mice.CONCLUSION: HNO increases force development in both PLB-KO and WT muscles as a result of increases in myofilament Ca²⁺ responsiveness. The increased intracellular Ca²⁺ transients are accompanied by greater force development in WT mice, suggesting that HNO improves Ca²⁺ activation and establishes HNO as a positive inotropic agent with novel mechanisms.     

考虑接力器特性的导叶关闭规律研究

为探究导叶关闭过程中接力器特性对蜗壳压力、尾水管压力及机组转速的极值与时程的影响,以国内某引水式水电站为研究对象,基于特征线法建立了水力过渡过程计算仿真模型,并在导叶关闭过程中考虑了迟滞与缓冲过程,结合真机甩负荷试验数据对模型进行验证,开展了考虑接力器特性的导叶关闭规律与未考虑接力器特性的导叶关闭规律对调保参数影响的对比分析,并对迟滞时间的敏感性进行分析.结果表明,迟滞过程主要影响机组的转速上升率,迟滞时间越长,转速上升率越大,但对蜗壳压力和尾水管压力的时程及极值影响较小;由于缓冲过程发生时间较晚,故对调保参数极值没有影响,但对导叶关闭末期后蜗壳压力与尾水管压力的时程影响较大.研究成果可为水力过渡过程导叶关闭规律的模拟仿真提供参考.     

Electroencephalography findings in healthy and Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy: visual and background quantitative analysis

BACKGROUND: Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) parameters of healthy and Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy have not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To determine if EEG can provide specific characteristics to distinguish between healthy dogs and dogs with epilepsy. ANIMALS: Sixteen healthy and 15 Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy. METHODS: A prospective clinical EEG study performed under medetomidine sedation. Blinded visual and quantitative EEG analyses were performed and results were compared between study groups. RESULTS: Benign epileptiform transients of sleep and sleep spindles were a frequent finding in a majority of animals from both groups. The EEG analysis detected epileptiform activity in 3 Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy and in 1 healthy Finnish Spitz dog. Epileptiform activity was characterized by spikes, polyspikes, and spike slow wave complexes in posterior-occipital derivation in dogs with epilepsy and with midline spikes in control dog. The healthy dogs showed significantly less theta and beta activity than did the dogs with epilepsy (P < .01), but the only significant difference between healthy dogs and dogs with untreated epilepsy was in the alpha band (P < .001). Phenobarbital treatment increased alpha, beta (P < .001), and theta (P < .01), and decreased delta (P < .001) frequency bands compared with dogs with untreated epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Benign epileptiform transients of sleep could be easily misinterpreted as epileptiform activity. Epileptiform activity in Finnish Spitz dogs with epilepsy seems to originate from a posterior-occipital location. The EEG of dogs with epilepsy exhibited a significant difference in background frequency bands compared with the control dogs. Phenobarbital treatment markedly influenced all background activity bands. Quantitative EEG analysis, in addition to visual analysis, seems to be a useful tool in the examination of patients with epilepsy.     

潜水电泵系统水力过渡过程分析

针对跃龙潜水电排站点新型结构特点,建立了相应的拍门及简单调压塔边界条件的数学模型,运用特征线法对潜水电泵系统进行了停泵水力过渡过程分析,结果表明泵站选型、结构设计合理,运行可靠安全。     

液体管道瞬变流摩阻的计算方法

在液体管道瞬变流计算中,传统的拟恒定摩阻模型不能准确描述瞬变流的真实物理现象.阐述了瞬变流非恒定摩阻问题的主要研究成果,着重讨论了当今为改进瞬变流摩阻计算而提出的非恒定摩阻模型的研究进展,期望利用非恒定摩阻模型结合经典的特征线法理论使液体管道的水击计算更接近实际.介绍了几类有重要价值的非恒定摩阻模型及相应的应用范围,并给出了各类模型进行数值计算的思路及以后的主要研究方向.     

High impedance fault identification method of distribution network

High impedance fault is always difficult to be identified due to its unobvious fault signature and difficult detection. This paper decomposes the transient signal in multi-scale by utilizing the good localization performance of the wavelet in both time domain and frequency domain,reconstructs the wavelet coefficients under each scale,takes the wavelet reconstruction coefficient under the scale of 3,calculates the size spectrum of each feeder line in timing floating window and identifies the circuits in which the faults lined according to the value of the size spectrum. A high impedance fault simulation system is built based upon the study of the various transient signals in power systems,and the high impedance fault simulation analysis of the distribution feeder is undertaken through PSCAD simulation platform using high impedance fault model. Simulation analysis shows that the method can effectively extract the feature of high impedance fault on high impedance fault identification.     

碗牛坝水电站突甩负荷过渡过程数值计算

以有压管道非恒定流微分方程组为基础 ,结合碗牛坝水电站具体边界条件 ,建立了基于特征线法的描述水电站突甩负荷过渡过程的数值模型 ,全面细致地模拟出了该电站突甩负荷过渡过程中任一时刻压力管道任一断面各水力要素和机组各工况参数的瞬变规律 ,为该电站的设计及安全稳定运行提供了技术依据 ,对类似工程也有一定的参考价值。     

轴流转桨式水轮机协联关闭规律选择及优化分析

合理的水轮机关闭规律对控制水电站水力过渡过程调保参数非常关键,由于桨叶-导叶双调节的存在,轴流转桨式水轮机的关闭规律的选择和优化较为复杂.基于对轴流转桨式机组协联飞逸曲线的特性分析,提出了一种新型导叶桨叶协联关闭规律:机组发生甩负荷时,导叶一段直线或折线关闭,桨叶一段直线开启,结合数值仿真计算分析,验证了该关闭规律能够...