Replacing Soybean Meal with Alternative Protein Sources in Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus

The present study investigated the replacement of soybean meal with combinations of two or three alternative protein sources in diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Alternative protein sources evaluated included cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), peanut meal, and porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM). Hybrid catfish fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 35 g/fish were stocked into 25 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 166 d. No significant differences were observed for total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, survival, carcass yield, fillet yield, or fillet proximate composition among dietary treatments. Results show soybean meal may be completely replaced by combinations of cottonseed meal and one or two other alternative protein sources including DDGS, peanut meal, and PMBM in the diet without markedly affecting production and processing characteristics and fillet proximate composition of pond‐raised hybrid catfish. These alternative diets may be used during foodfish production when prices are favorable.     

干法生产UHT豆奶工艺技术研究及应用

以优质大豆为主要原料，经干法生产（大豆筛选、脱皮、高温灭酶、粗磨、超细研磨、浆渣分离）制得豆奶；根据QB／T2132产品分类要求（纯豆乳、调制豆乳、豆乳饮料），研究配方组成（大豆用量、加油量、乳化剂添加量）；采用UHT灭菌、复合塑料膜无菌灌装，常温下保质期达到30～90天.     

Ionic Ratios and Crop Performance: II. Effects of Interactions amongst Vanadium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Calcium on Soybean Yield

Because vanadium (V) is easily reduced to a cationic form within plant cells, data from resin-extraction of soil were analysed for evidence of interactions between V and the resin-extractable concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) on soybean seed yield. Three varieties, 9091, 9061 and 704, were grown over a 3-year period in a corn–soybean–wheat rotation. Surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were extracted with ion-exchange resins, extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP), and the results were regressed against seed yield using SAS PROC STEPWISE analysis using forward selection, backward elimination and maximum R² routines. The seed yield of each variety showed a correlation with a unique set of resin-extractable concentrations of V, phosphorus (P), Mg and Ca, and the V:(V + P), Mg:(Mg + Ca), Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) and Ca:(Ca + 1000 V) ratios. Variety 9091 was most sensitive to the Mg:(Mg + Ca) ratio. Variety 9061 was most sensitive to extractable V and to the V:(V + P) ratio. Variety 704 was sensitive to extractable P, V and Ca and the Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) ratio. For variety 9091, Mg fertilization (not currently practised) may be an economical practice, whereas P fertilization of 704 may not be economical. Each regression technique varied slightly in identification of important factors in seed yield. Concentrations and ratios of resin-extractable elements in soil provide insights into optimal genotype selection and possible management alternatives for a given soil.     

大豆田苣荬菜综合防除技术研究

提出了大豆田恶性杂草—苣荬菜的综合防除技术体系：１）降低大豆在整个轮作体系中的比例，将苣荬菜消灭于禾谷类作物四；２）深翻抑制芽根的萌发；３）大豆前茬作物收获后秋季茎叶处理２．４－Ｄ丁酯，最佳用药量为０．８１～１．３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，最佳施药时期为１０月５～１０日；４）作为挽救措施可在大豆播后苗前施２．４—Ｄ丁酯，用药量为０．７２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，并可与乙草胺、赛克津等常规大豆田除草剂混用．     

黄淮夏大豆超高产育种模式的探讨

通过不同品种（系）和密度的超高产栽培试验，分析四因子和二因子的产量效应，各因子对产量贡献的大小为：亩荚数＞百粒重＞荚粒数。超高产育种和栽培的主攻方向是提高亩荚数，同步增加百粒重。黄淮超高产育种模式：亩荚数４６．７±５．３万，百粒重２２．４±２．６克，每荚粒数２．１８±０．１１个。     

人血栓调节蛋白基因的表达及转基因小鼠的建立

用PCR方法从人的基因组DNA中扩增了人血栓调节蛋白（hTM)基因，将其克隆到带有人EF－1α启动子的pEF-neo哺乳动物表达载体上，得到表达质粒pEF-TM。在转染pEF-TM的COS－1细胞中，hTM得到了瞬时表达，并且正确地定位到细胞膜上。用pEF-TM转染猪内皮细胞（PEC），经G418筛先得到稳定转染的克隆。凝血活性测定结果显示，表达hTM的PEC凝血时间明显延长，表明其抗凝血能力增强。通过显微注射方法，得到了1只F0代hTM转基因小鼠。Southern杂交结果表明，该转基因小鼠整合了9个拷贝的pEF-TM DNA,并能将外源DNA遗传给后代。     

转基因植物对蜜蜂的安全性（下）

转基因植物已在全球范围内大面积推广应用 ,全球 5大转基因植物中的油菜、棉花、玉米均是主要的蜜粉源植物 ,对养蜂生产有重要意义 ,其对蜜蜂的安全性问题值得关注。 2种主要的抗虫 (Bt毒蛋白、蛋白酶抑制剂 )基因或抗真菌基因的产物只有在高浓度时才可能对工蜂的寿命、消化酶活性、行为等有不良影响。从目前的研究来看 ,转基因植物对蜜蜂是安全的     

通过农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆的研究

本研究以大豆体细胞胚为受体。用农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆基因组中．获得了抗性植株。经GUS染色、PCR及PCR-southern杂交等分子检测。证明目的基因已导入并整合到大豆基因组中。为利用大豆作为生物反应器生产口蹄疫新型口服疫苗奠定了基础。     

Dynamics of the Cumulation of Macroelements – Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium During Development to Maturity of Soybean Seed

Dynamics of the cumulation of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in developing seed of four soybean genotypes under the defined climatic conditions in the course of three years was observed. Samples were being taken at weekly intervals from the point at which the grain reached a size suitable to be analyzed up to the full maturity of the seed. By analyzing the results it was found out that the intense cumulation of the minerals tested took place during the stages III and IV of the seed development, that is, in the course of intense cumulation of dry matter and the most expressive metabolic activity in the seed. Investigation of the impact of climatic conditions provides evidence that cumulation of the tested macroelements has been favourably influenced by increased precipitation along with moderate air temperatures within the seed developing period. The highest content of the minerals found with the cultivar Maksimirka independently of the year investigated reveals that mineral cumulation in soybean seed is affected by the cultivar and genetic particularity.     

Influence of the Indoleacetic Acid-Lysine Synthetase Gene (iaaL) of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi on Yield Attributes of Potatoes

The iaaL gene of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi encodes an indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase which conjugates free indoleacetic acid (IAA) with lysine. lAA-lys is biologically less active than free IAA. The iaaL coding region was expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transgenic potato plants were produced (Spena et al. 1991). 35S iaaL potato plants are characterized by increased internodal length and epinastic bending of older leaves. In three greenhouse experiments with plants grown in pots of different size and in two growth chamber experiments tuber number increased in iaaL transgenic plants compared to untransformed and vector-transformed controls of the same genotype. The increase in tuber numbers observed under controlled conditions was reflected in tuber yield which increased in the pot grown transgenics.