Using laser to measure stem thickness and cut weed stems

Summary Stem thickness of the weed Solanum nigrum and the crop sugarbeet was determined with a He–Ne laser using a novel non‐destructive technique measuring stem shadow. Thereafter, the stems were cut close to the soil surface with a CO₂ laser. Treatments were carried out on pot plants, grown in the greenhouse, at two different growth stages, and plant dry matter was measured 2–5 weeks after treatment. The relationship between plant dry weight and laser energy was analysed using two different non‐linear dose–response regression models; one model included stem thickness as a variable, the other did not. A binary model was also tested. The non‐linear model incorporating stem thickness described the data best, indicating that it would be possible to optimize laser cutting by measuring stem thickness before cutting. The general tendency was that more energy was needed the thicker the stem. Energy uses on a field scale are discussed.     

新疆甜菜丸粒化单粒种高密高产高糖栽培模式

在新疆适宜种植甜菜的生态区,通过选择甜菜丸粒化单粒种,在高密度种植条件下,依据不同栽培管理阶段特点采用合理的管理措施,以实现甜菜单产97.5～105.0t/hm2、含糖率15%以上的目标,从而构建甜菜丸粒化单粒种高密高产高糖栽培模式。     

L'electrode potassium pour l'analyse des tissus vegetaux (The potassium electrode for plant tissue testing)

Abstract

A potassium specific‐ion electrode equiped with a “sensing module” was compared with atomic absorption for potassium determination in plant tissue. The potentiometric readings were stable and reproducible, and were of the same order of magnitude as those obtained by atomic absorption. The correletion coefficient obtained between the two analytical methods were highly significant; but it was higher for corn leaves, sugarbeet leaf‐blades and petioles respectively.     

氮素肥料在甜菜生产应用中的研究进展

从甜菜氮肥吸收分配规律以及氮肥对甜莱根系生长、根系活力、叶面积及叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量、品质的影响等方面介绍了氮肥在甜菜生发育过程中的作用.旨在为提高甜菜氮肥利用率以及块根产量、改善甜菜块根品质寻求有效途径.     

糖能兼用型甜菜新品种“吉能源甜菜1号”的选育

吉能源甜菜1号是以单胚品系DTN 162-3-11为母本,二倍体多胚品系HRR7为父本,按3∶1比例自然杂交而成。该品种在2008—2010年吉林省甜菜品种区域试验中,平均根产量为45627.6kg/hm2,比对照品种HYB74增产7.5%;含糖率为17.2%,比对照高1.6度,差异显著;产糖量为7836.5kg/hm2,比对照提高16.9%;乙醇产量4411.5kg/hm2,比对照提高18.2%。吉能源甜菜1号稳定性好,抗逆性强,适于东北西部及蒙东地区种植。     

离子注入在甜菜育种中的诱变功效

分析了以35Kev N^ 离子注入甜菜种子出现的各种有益变异，结果表明：1）M0、M1种子发芽率受到抑制；2）M2代主要经济性状出现明显变异，含糖率提高0.28～1.04度；3）在M1代基础上再处理1次后，产量和含糖均有明显提高；4）经离子注入可出现早熟性材料，M2代含糖积累时间较对照提前15～20d。     

甜菜生育期间黑土无机氮变化动态的研究

本文研究了甜菜生育期间种植地、休闲地黑土无机氮的变化动态。结果表明,种植地无机氮的变化受作物生长的影响。可分为3个阶段:氮素供求平衡期、氮素供求尖锐期和氮素供求缓和期。休闲地无机氮的变化动态可分为4个阶段:积累平缓期、下渗积累期、积累旺盛期和积累终止期。其中5月中旬、8月中旬、9月上旬和10月上旬4个测定日期的无机氮值(0～90cm 土层),年际间差异不显著。用该4个数值可绘出土壤无机氮动态曲线,科学地反映出土壤供氮水平,可作为甜菜定量施氮的重要参数之一。     

甜菜抗(耐)丛根病生理基础的研究(Ⅰ)过氧化物酶(POX)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)与甜菜抗丛根病的关系

本文从比较生理学角度,研究了甜菜抗丛根病特性与其体内有关防御酶系的关系,结果表明,甜菜感病后,POX酶活性增加与抗病性有关,特别是PAL活性提高与抗病性呈正相关,可作为病地上和无病地上选育抗(耐)丛根病品种的重要生理指标.     

增产菌对甜菜作用机制的探讨 Ⅰ.增产菌对甜菜根叶生长、叶绿素含量、光合及蒸腾的效应

在田间栽培条件下研究了增产菌对甜菜的生理效应,研究表明:在不同生育期增产菌均能促进甜菜的根叶生长,并能减少叶片的气孔阻力,促进甜菜的光合作用,改善光合产物的分配以及提高甜菜的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率。     

甜菜二倍体授粉系的选育技术

介绍了甜菜二倍体授粉系经过群体淘汰、定向选择、小区试验、横向对比等一系列步骤,最终精选出较为理想的父系的育种程序。