Powdery Mildew of Prairie Gentian: Characteristics,Molecular Phylogeny and Pathogenicity

In March 1999, we found prairie gentian (Eustoma grandiflorum) infected with powdery mildew in a greenhouse in Oita Prefecture, Japan. Morphological observation revealed that the causal fungus belongs to the mitosporic genus Oidium subgenus Pseudoidium [teleomorph: Erysiphe sensu Braun and Takamatsu (2000)]. Precise taxonomic position of the fungus, however, is uncertain due to lack of the perfect stage. We determined the nucleotide sequence of the rDNA ITS region of the fungus. Comparison of the sequence with those obtained from DNA databases of this fungal group revealed that the sequence is identical to those of powdery mildews from garden four-o'clock (Mirabilis jalapa) and broad bean (Vicia faba). Inoculation of an isolate from garden four-o'clock caused mildew on prairie gentian and broad bean, suggesting that the prairie gentian mildew originates from garden four-o'clock or broad bean. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship of this fungus to Erysiphe baeumleri on Vicia spp. and E. trifolii on Trifolium pratense. From these results, we propose that prairie gentian mildew diverged from a Fabaceae-parasitic ancestor. Received 14 March 2002/ Accepted in revised form 28 May 2002     

中国长片叶蜂分类研究(膜翅目:蕨叶蜂科)

系统地研究了中国长片叶蜂属ＮｅｏｔｈｒｉｎａｘＥｎｓｌｉｎ的种类．记述４种,包括２新种：白端片叶蜂ＮｅｏｔｈｒｉｎａｘａｐｉｃａｌｉｓＷｅｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,凹鞘副片叶蜂ＮｅｏｔｈｒｉｎａｘｉｎｃｉｓｕｓＷｅｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．．建立了１个新亚属：副片叶蜂亚属,Ｐａｒａｎｅｏｔｈｒｉｎａｘｓｕｂｇｅｎｎｏｖ．．大长片叶蜂ＮｅｏｔｈｒｉｎａｘｍａｊｏｒＭａｌａｉｓｅ是中国新记录种．编制了中国已知种类检索表．     

Genetic relatedness among eastern North American blackberry cultivars based on pedigree analysis

Blackberry genetic relationships (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) have not been thoroughly studied. The University of Arkansas maintains one of the largest blackberry-breeding programs in the world and thus, in-depth knowledge of the cultivars released from the program and others instrumental in their lineages can aid in breeding endeavors. Pedigrees of 32 cultivars were traced to their founding clones. Genetic contribution (GC), maximum potential similarity (MPS), inbreeding coefficient, and coefficients of relationship (CR) were calculated for all genotypes. Nineteen founding clones contributed to the 32 cultivars, ranging from <1% to 19%. The top three founding clones for mean GC conferred nearly 50% to the 32 cultivars in this study, suggesting a somewhat narrow genetic base. Calculations for MPS ranged from complete similarity (1.00) to 0.00. Individual inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.00 to 0.25. The coefficient of relationship was used as a method of determining genetic relatedness and ranged from 0.00 to 0.74. University of Arkansas cultivars had the highest MPS and CR in the study. This may be attributed to more generations of hybridization than the other cultivars. The MPS provided some comparable results to those of RFLP and RAPD molecular studies, but CR did not. The rather narrow genetic base of eastern North American blackberry cultivars does not create an imminent, significant concern for loss of diversity. However, more diverse germplasm should be infused for continuation of heterogeneity.     

中国含笑亚属植物修订

澄清了中国含笑亚属植物11种1亚种2变种，并涉及和报道了10个新异名、8个新组合、2个新等级和1个新命名。     

急流水螨科、属(亚属)系统发育关系分析

利用Hennig86(Version 1.5)软件,选用17个形态学特征对急流水螨科的3亚科,4属,6亚属进行了支序系统学发育分析.分析结果表明急流水螨科分为2个亚科:龟水螨亚科Testudacarinae和急流水螨亚科Torrentico-linae.龟水螨亚科仅1属,龟水螨属Testudacarus;急流水螨亚科分4属,单曲跗螨属Monatractides、急流水螨属Torrenticola、拟急流水螨属Pseudotorrenticola和新曲水螨属Neoatractides.其中新曲水螨属分为3亚属,新曲水螨亚属Neoatractides、畸曲跗螨亚属Heteratractides和异急流水螨亚属Allotorrenticola.     

基于线粒体COⅠ基因序列的吸血蠓近似种鉴定

为了快速、准确地鉴别吸血蠓近似种,弥补传统形态学鉴定方法在种类鉴定中存在的操作繁琐、难度大等不足,提出了基于线粒体CO Ⅰ基因序列的吸血蠓近似种鉴定方法。以二囊亚属中的黑色库蠓(Culicoides pelius)、无害库蠓(Culicoides innoxius)、白带库蠓(Culicoides albifascia)、不显库蠓(Culicoides obsoletus)、东方库蠓(Culicoides orientalis)、苏格兰库蠓(Culicoides scoticus)和琉球库蠓(Culicoides actoni)等7种库蠓近似种的部分线粒体CO Ⅰ基因序列作为分析对象,基于Kimura 2-parameter模型分析遗传距离,同时应用MEGA 6.0软件以荒川库蠓(Culicoides arakawai)为外群构建系统发育树(邻接法和最大似然法)。经过Clustal X序列比对及人工校对、编辑后, 7种吸血蠓CO Ⅰ基因长度为494 bp,遗传距离在种内和种间具显著差异(P<0.05),系统发育树中不同库蠓种类各自构成单系(群),同种类不同地理种群聚为一支。本研究初步证实了线粒体CO Ⅰ基因序列可用于吸血蠓近似种的分子鉴定。     

中国异角属Heteromurus一新亚属新种(弹尾目:长角科)

该文记述了江西庐山长角虫兆亚科Ｅｎｔｏｍｏｂｒｙｉｄａｅ、异角虫兆属ＨｅｔｅｒｏｍｕｒｕｓＷａｎｋｅｌ,１８６０,一新亚属：庐异角虫兆亚属Ｌｕｏｈｅｔｅｒｏｍｕｒｕｓ,ｓｕｂｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和一新种：中华异角虫兆Ｈ．（Ｌｕｏｈｅｔｅｒｏｍｕｒｕｓ）ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及其检索表。模式标本存绵阳经济技术高等专科学校农艺昆虫标本室。     

Development of Soybean EST-SSR Markers and Their Use to Assess Genetic Diversity in the Subgenus Soja

Developing expressed sequence tag-derived SSR （EST-SSR） markers is imperative in genetic research. In this paper, we reported 37 EST-SSR markers which were developed from 286 unigenes obtained from soybean cDNA library. Among the 286 markers designed for the 4 accessions of Glycine max and 6 of its wild progenitor （G. soja） within the subgenus Soja, 209 markers amplified DNA fragments, taking 73.1% and 37 markers appeared to be polymorphic, which was 12.9% of the total. The 37 loci detected a total of 142 alleles, while the PIC values varied from 0.194 to 0.794. Both the number of alleles per locus and PIC value were significantly related to the SSR motif. Six EST-SSR loci may be fixed for different alleles between G. max and G. soja since they were particularly polymorphic among the 6 G. soja accessions. A neighbor-joining tree placed the G. max accessions together as a group within the G. soja, though the average genetic distance among G. soja accessions was much higher. These new EST-SSRs markers will be useful for genetic diversity analysis, genetic mapping construction and gene discovery in Soja subgenus.     

甘肃境内鼢鼠Eospalax亚属分子系统发育研究

为了筛选评价甘肃境内鼢鼠凸颅亚属母性遗传多样性分子标记,研究该亚属的分子系统发育。测定了分布于甘肃11个不同地方31只属于鼢鼠中凸颅亚属的不同鼢鼠,其中包括:9只高原鼢鼠、9只甘肃鼢鼠、9只斯氏鼢鼠、4只秦岭鼢鼠的细胞色素b基因全序列1 140 bp。从GenBank获得包括平颅亚属在内的21个细胞色素b全序列总共52条全序列,用MEGA软件分别绘制出本研究的31条全序列和总共52条全序列的2个系统发育树。运用测定序列,结合相关软件分析31条细胞色素b基因全序列的变化特征;分析和探讨本试验的Eospalax亚属4个种的分类及系统发育。本研究为鼢鼠的系统发育提供了分子理论依据。     

贵州野生茶树资源及地方品种变异类型的保护与利用

野生茶树资源是研究茶树起源、演化、分类的重要材料年口依据.对贵州历史上所发现的野生茶亚属Thea(L.)资源的种类和分布,以及驯化、栽培的地方群体品种的续存现状作了简要阐述,收集并保护野生茶树资源和地方品种的变异类型,是促进茶业可持续发展的基础.