霉形体膜蛋白溶解及含量测定方法研究

本文选择双蒸水；０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ；１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ；４％ＤＯＣ和１％ＳＤＳ条件分别对猪肺炎霉形体膜制剂作增溶处理，使膜蛋白溶解，然后采用Ｌｏｗｒｙ法进行蛋白质含量的测定．测定结果表明：０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ溶解效果较好，所测得膜蛋白含量达６８．８％左右。，数据更为接近实际含量．     

An Epidemiologic and Economic Study of Respiratory Diseases in Two Conventional Danish Swine Herds. I: Prevalence of Respiratory Lesions at Slaughter and Their Effects on Growth

A total of 578 slaughter pigs from 2 Danish conventional farrow-to-finish operations (Herds A and B) were followed from an age of 14 days to slaughter. Pigs were weighed at 3 weeks intervals and at slaughter and an extended post mortem examination of the plucks was done. Comparison of growth rates in pigs with and without specific types of lesions by the t-test and those with multiple lesions with regression models demonstrated that Mycoplasma-like pneumonia, complicated pneumonia, anterio-ventral pleuritis, fissures and atrophic rhinitis significantly reduced mean daily gain and increased the time required to reach slaughter weight. The total impact of the lesions in Herd A was an estimated reduction in mean daily gain of 27 grams and a 2 day increase in the interval from 14 days of age until slaughter (MDG14). Decreases in MDG14 in Herd B were more substantial, 98 grams and 16.7 days. Reductions in mean daily gains during the interval from the fourth weighing until slaughter were 31 grams in Herd A and 137 grams in Herd B. Chronic dorso-caudal and parietal pleuritis, without other lesions present, had no significant adverse effects on growth rates in either herd. Interactions between lesions did not significantly alter the estimates. The R² values obtained for the regression models showed that the presence, absence or extent of lesions at slaughter explained only 13-27% of the variations in growth rates in the 2 herds.     

绵羊慢病毒自然感染绵羊的硬化性淋巴细胞性乳腺炎

７头来自新疆南部某绵羊慢病毒（ＯｖＬＶ）感染的羊场的绵羊用于本研究。用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散检查绵羊血清中对绵羊进行性肺炎（ＯＰＰ）病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的抗体，结果表明有６例呈阳性，１例阴性，抗体效价在３年中呈下降趋势。４例血清学阳性边菜羊和１例阴性和田羊有不同程度的硬化性（纤维性）淋巴细胞性乳腺炎，小叶内有不等的淋巴细胞浸润，导管周围无淋巴滤泡形成，小叶间大量纤维组织增生。７例的肺、脑、关节、血管均无ＯｖＬＶ性特异性病变。从血清学阳性羊的外周血白细胞中未分离到ＯｖＬＶ。     

Association between quantitative bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and antibiotic requirement in dogs with lower respiratory tract signs

BackgroundHistorically, positive bacterial cultures from the lower respiratory tract (LRT) have been considered clinically relevant when quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were >1700 colony forming units (cfu)/mL. However, this threshold might not accurately predict a requirement for antibiotics.ObjectivesTo study whether quantitative BALF bacterial culture results were predictive of antibiotic requirement in dogs with LRT signs.AnimalsThirty‐three client‐owned dogs.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Dogs with positive quantitative bacterial culture of BALF were included. Dogs were divided into 2 groups, depending on whether they had a LRT infection requiring antibiotics (LRTI‐RA) or LRT disease not requiring antibiotics (LRTD‐NRA), based on thoracic imaging features, presence of intracellular bacteria on BALF cytology, and response to treatment. Predictive effect of cfu/mL and BALF total nucleated cell count (TNCC) on antibiotic requirement, adjusting for ongoing or prior antibiotic therapy and age, were studied using logistic regression.ResultsTwenty‐two and 11 dogs were included in the LRTI‐RA and LRTD‐NRA groups, respectively. The cfu/mL was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement, independent of ongoing or prior antibiotic treatment and age (LRTI‐RA: median, 10 000 cfu/mL; range, 10‐3 × 10⁸; LRTD‐NRA: median, 10  000 cfu/mL; range, 250‐1.3 × 10⁹; P = .27). The TNCC was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement when only dogs with bronchial disease were considered (LRTI‐RA: median, 470 cells/μL; range, 240‐2260; LRTD‐NRA: median, 455 cells/μL; range, 80‐4990; P = .57).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe cfu/mL is an inappropriate measure for determining whether antibiotics are of benefit in dogs with LRT signs.     

我国部分地区牛支原体肺炎和关节炎的病原体诊断

重庆等4省市从外省引进的肉牛群发生以严重肺炎和关节炎为主要表现的疾病。该病的病变主要集中于肺脏,其组织学变化主要是间质增生,纤维素渗出,干酪样坏死,淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞浸润。PCR检测病牛肺脏显示牛支原体阳性,而丝状支原体丝状亚种、牛分支杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌为阴性。从肺等组织中分离到牛支原体以及大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌和烟曲霉,没有分离到巴氏杆菌。结果显示本病是以牛支原体感染为主引起的牛支原体肺炎和关节炎,长途运输等应激因素是该病突发的重要诱因,其他细菌和/或真菌继发感染加重了病情。     

二氟沙星对实验性感染猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的药效学研究

以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对猪肺炎支原体（ Ｆ１６ 株）和兰氏 Ｃ 群类马链球菌（ Ｃ５５ １ ２０ ）的最小抑菌浓度分别是０１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ及 １６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。肌注给药对猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的实验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（２５、５、１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ５ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是 ８０％ 、９０％ 、１００％ 及９０％ ;而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为１０％ 。低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ４ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是 ５０％ 、８０％ 、８０％ 及 ８０％ ,而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为 ５０％ 。     

序贯疗法治疗圈养黑猩猩支原体肺炎一例

肺炎支原体对于灵长类幼年黑猩猩的感染,与人类幼儿的临床表现和发病规律相似。该病例幼年黑猩猩早期症状偶见咳嗽,听诊肺部有湿性罗音,体温38.3℃。初步诊断为肺炎,用抗病毒药和抗生素头孢克洛治疗无效。随着病程发展,体温进一步升高到39℃以上,几乎无食欲。拍X光片和采血做支原体抗体检测,结果显示支原体感染强阳性。最终使用阿奇霉素采取＂停4喂3＂的序贯疗法治疗,即阿奇霉素输液3d——口服5d——停药4d——口服3d——停药4d——口服3d,其他则对症治疗。动物在治疗第7天时除偶见咳嗽,症状基本消除;治疗20d后,动物恢复健康。需要注意的是,治疗过程中一定要按照序贯疗法坚持用药治疗,防止疾病复发和减小用药的副作用。     

Long-term deep sedation using Zoletil and haloperidol for the treatment of streptococcal pneumonia in an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

A 13-year-old Bornean orangutan diagnosed with life threatening Streptococcus pyogenes broncho-pneumonia was kept in a state of deep sedation for 20 days via continuous intra-venous (IV) infusion of zolazepam -tiletamine and IV haloperidol to allow consistent IV administration of ceftazidime and gatifloxacine. The use of long-term deep sedation allowed carrying out a particularly demanding treatment not generally associated with zoological patients. The treatment was ultimately successful.     

Causes of death in beef cattle in southern Brazil

We determined the prevalence of diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in beef cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on pathology laboratory submissions. Postmortem examinations were conducted on 1,277 beef cattle that died between 2008 and 2018. Information regarding age, time of the year, breed, and regional location were analyzed statistically. Most cattle were from the surrounding region of Porto Alegre, and 78.7% of the analyzed cases had diagnostic value. The diagnostic category with most cases was infectious and/or parasitic diseases (60%), followed by toxic and toxicoinfectious (25%). Most cases occurred in the fall. Major disease conditions identified included hemoprotozoal infection (18.2%), rabies (8.2%), and plant intoxications by Senecio spp. (8.5%) and Pteridium arachnoideum (4.6%). Hemoprotozoal infection occurred at a higher frequency in young cattle, mainly in animals up to 1 y old. Intoxication by Senecio spp. was more frequent in cattle 2–3 y old.