Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.     

饲用塑性大豆浓缩磷脂流态化研究

研究了温度和水分含量对饲用大豆浓缩磷脂黏度的影响,发现Na 能提高浓缩磷脂的黏度,而Ca2 能降低浓缩磷脂的黏度。对于水分含量较低的塑性浓缩磷脂,添加0.4%的氯化钙或添加3%大豆油脱臭馏出物能显著降低低水分塑性浓缩磷脂的黏度,使其流态化。但对于高水分塑性浓缩磷脂,其作用不明显。0.3%的氯化钙和3%的大豆油脱臭馏出物复合使用能使塑性浓缩磷脂的黏度降到2000cPa.s以下,而且长时间保持稳定。     

Growth performance,carcass traits,physiochemical characteristics and intramuscular fatty acid composition of finishing Japanese black steers fed soybean curd residue and soy sauce cake

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary soybean curd residue (SCR) and soy sauce cake (SSC) on the growth performance, carcass traits and physiochemical and intramuscular fatty acid (FA) characteristics in Japanese Black steers. Ten steers (29.7 ± 0.3 months old, 856.6 ± 24.4 kg body weight) were assigned to either treatment C, fed a conventional concentrate or T, fed the test diet including dried SCR and SSC for 3 months. In growth performance, dry matter (DM) intake and average daily gain, and carcass traits did not differ significantly between the treatments. Color of beef was affected by the dietary treatments and meat samples from T showed higher a^* value and chroma than those in C. On FA composition, there was no significant difference between the treatments in neutral lipids, whereas in polar lipids, meat samples from T had higher C16:1 (P < 0.05) and tended to have higher C16:0 (P = 0.05) and C18:1 (P = 0.08), but lower C17:0 (P = 0.098), C18:2 (P = 0.06) and C20:4 (P = 0.07) than those from C. The study suggested that SCR and SSC could be used as a substitute for conventional concentrate and would influence meat color and intramuscular FA composition of polar lipids.     

紫甘蓝花青素智能指示膜的制备及其在牛乳新鲜度监测中应用

为研究不同紫甘蓝花青素含量对大豆分离蛋白基智能指示膜性能的影响,提高指示膜的综合包装性能,考察指示膜对巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度的监测效果。以大豆分离蛋白（SoyProteinIsolate,SPI）为原料,添加紫甘蓝花青素（Purple CabbageAnthocyanins,PCA）制备指示膜,对其结构、热性能、机械性能、色度及其稳定性和pH敏感性进行表征和分析,并将指示膜应用于巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度监测中。结果表明：相对于SPI/Na2SO4膜,含有质量分数4%紫甘蓝花青素的指示膜,拉伸强度从2.46MPa增加到3.77 MPa,断裂伸长率从105.36%增加到131.96%;与标准白的色差从21.13增加到52.88,指示膜明度降低,色度偏黄绿色,结晶温度比SPI/Na2SO4膜升高。指示膜的色度在常温下5 d内不出现可视性色差,但pH敏感性强。将指示膜应用于巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度监测中,指示膜的颜色随着牛乳变质由绿变红,指示膜与原始膜的色差变化与巴氏杀菌乳的pH值变化呈相反趋势,且色差可见。因此,该指示膜具有监测巴氏杀菌乳腐败过程的潜力,应用前景广阔。     

油脂预乳化提高大豆拉丝蛋白素食香肠品质

为了提高大豆拉丝蛋白(Textured Fibril Soy Protein,TFSP)素食香肠的品质,该研究将油脂预乳化工艺应用于TFSP素食香肠的加工,利用响应面试验设计优化了预乳化工艺条件,采用质构分析仪测定分析了产品的质构特性,并进行了感官评价。结果表明优化后的最佳预乳化工艺条件为菜籽油含量445g/L、大豆分离蛋白浓度105g/L、乳化机剪切速率9.0×103r/min。与对照组相比,此条件下制作的预乳化-TFSP素食香肠的凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼性分别提高了约1倍、10%和26%,且产品口感鲜嫩、富有汁液感,感官评价得分显著提高。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析了不同工艺制作的TFSP素食香肠在煮制前后微观结构的变化,结果发现油脂预乳化工艺可大大提高乳化油脂的稳定性和在香肠凝胶基质中的均匀分布,从而使乳化油脂的‘填充作用’得以发挥,不仅增强了TFSP素食香肠的保水保油能力,降低了蒸煮损失率,而且对香肠的质构和感官特性产生了重要影响。因此油脂预乳化工艺是一种辅助提高素食香肠整体品质行之有效的方法。     

纳米氧化锌/葡萄皮红改性大豆分离蛋白膜的制备与性能研究

为改善大豆分离蛋白膜的性能,将纳米氧化锌(Zno Nanoparticles,Zno NPs)和葡萄皮红(Grape-Skin Red,GSR)加入大豆分离蛋白(Sov ProteinIsolate,SPI)中制备SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR复合膜,对复合膜的性能进行表征。结果表明当葡萄皮红、ZnO NPs和大豆分离蛋白以1:2:25的质量比制备复合膜时,相对于SPI/ZnO NPs膜,葡萄皮红可提高ZnO NPs和大豆分离蛋白的相容性,改善ZnO NPs在SPI膜中的分散性,并与ZnO NPs发挥协同作用提高SPI膜的机械性能、耐水性能和热稳定性(P0.05)。SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR复合膜相比较于SPI膜,拉伸强度从1.37 MPa升至3.28 MPa,熔点从194℃升至231℃,含水率从34.41%降至25.37%,水蒸气透过系数从5.57×10~(-12) (g·cm)/(cm~2·s·Pa)降至4.74×10~(-12) (g·cm)/(cm~2·s·Pa)。此外,复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌表现出优异的抗菌性能,抑菌圈直径随着活性成分的添加呈上升趋势(大肠杆菌:SPI 膜无,SPI/ZnO NPs 膜 2.29 cm,SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR 膜 2.36 cm;金黄色葡萄球菌:SPI 膜无,SPI/ZnO NPs 膜 2.32 cm,SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR膜2.42 cm),在活性包装应用中具有极大潜力。研究结果为大豆分离蛋白基薄膜的生产应用提供参考。     

电子鼻和电子舌单独与联合检测掺大豆蛋白或淀粉的鸡肉糜

为实现掺杂掺假鸡肉的快速、客观评价,该研究利用电子鼻和电子舌联合检测技术对掺杂鸡肉糜进行快速检测,通过对采集的数据进行主成分分析和偏最小二乘法分析,所得结果表明,采用主成分分析,电子鼻和电子舌联合检测掺大豆蛋白鸡肉糜和掺淀粉鸡肉糜的主成分总贡献率分别为99.8%和99.1%;采用偏最小二乘法分析,电子鼻和电子舌联合检测鸡肉糜中掺杂大豆蛋白含量的预测值与真实值之间的决定系数为0.992,均方根误差为2.8%;联合检测鸡肉糜中掺杂淀粉含量的预测值与真实值之间的决定系数为0.996,均方根误差为2.4%。表明电子鼻和电子舌联合检测对鸡肉糜的掺杂情况具有良好的区分和预测能力,并且是一种有效、高精度的肉类掺假检测方法。     

不同硬脂酸添加量下大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠膜特性研究

为改善大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的耐水性,通过添加不同添加量（0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%）硬脂酸制备大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠/硬脂酸三元复合膜,探究硬脂酸对大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的机械性能、阻水性能和微观结构的影响,最终明确不同硬脂酸添加量对耐水性变化的影响规律。结果表明：与大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠二元复合膜相比,添加6%和8%硬脂酸后,复合膜的断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率显著下降,并且对其含水率及水溶性也有显著影响。当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,三元复合膜的水蒸气渗透性最低,水蒸气透过系数为（2.95±0.49） g·mm/（m²·h·kPa）,接触角最大,为91.68°±9.02°。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析可知,大豆分离蛋白和海藻酸钠通过共价交联形成网络结构,加入的硬脂酸则分布在网络结构的缝隙中,当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,膜的表面较为光滑平整,内部结构致密,能够形成良好的网络结构,键与键之间结合较强,能有效提高复合膜的阻水性能。     

大豆异黄酮的药理和毒理效应研究进展

综述了大豆异黄酮主要的药理和毒理效应,分析了作用机理,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

大豆异黄酮对小白鼠抗辐射作用的研究

将小白鼠随机分成3组(对照组、辐射组、辐射灌药组),研究了不同浓度大豆异黄酮对小白鼠抗辐射的影响效应。结果显示,大豆异黄酮有效保护了辐射后小白鼠的外周血,从而具有明显的抗辐射作用。