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1.
Christiane Stehmann Maarten A. De Waard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(2):171-180
Sensitivity of field isolates (121) ofBotrytis cinerea from France (1992), Germany (1979–1992), Israel (1990) and the Netherlands (1970–1989) to the triazoles tebuconazole and triadimenol, the benzimidazole benomyl and the dicarboximide vinclozolin were tested in radial growth experiments. Resistance to benomyl (in 21 to 100% of isolates tested) and vinclozolin (in 25 to 71% of isolates tested) was common in most countries. EC50s (concentrations of fungicides inhibiting radial mycelial growth ofB. cinerea on B5-agar by 50%) for tebuconazole and triadimenol ranged between 0.01–1.64 and 0.4–32.6g ml–1, respectively, and were log-normally distributed. The variation factor (ratio between EC50s of the least and most sensitive isolate tested) amounts 164 and 82 for tebuconazole and triadimenol, respectively. These values are comparable to those for azole fungicides applied in control of other pathogens. Hence, variation in sensitivity to triazoles can probably not explain limited field performance of triazoles towardsB. cinerea. Isolates from south west Germany (1992) were significantly less sensitive to tebuconazole than isolates collected earlier in Germany, Israel and the Netherlands. Such less sensitive populations may contribute to the limited field performance of DMI fungicides towardsB. cinerea. The sensitivity of isolates from south west Germany to tebuconazole was similar to that of DMI-resistant mutants generated in the laboratory. These mutants displayed stable resistance with Q-values (ratio between EC50 of resistant mutant and wild type isolate) between 5 and 20. Sensitivity of field isolates and laboratory mutants to tebuconazole and triadimenol was correlated. 相似文献
2.
Suppression of wheat-seedling diseases caused by Fusarium culmorum and Microdochium nivale using bacterial seed treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Snow mould, caused by Microdochium nivale , and seedling blight caused by members of the Fusarium complex, are cereal diseases of great economic importance in many temperate zones. In a glasshouse bioassay designed to enhance disease, about 600 plant-associated bacterial isolates obtained by different methods were screened for suppressive effects in wheat against infection caused by Fusarium culmorum . Although most of the isolates tested had a neutral effect on test plants and disease development, a few were synergistic to the pathogen and about one-fifth showed > 80% disease suppression. During five consecutive growing seasons, 164 bacterial isolates were tested in field experiments against both F. culmorum and M. nivale as causal agents of seedling blight. Tests for effects on yield in experiments with spring and winter wheat, performed in different climatic regions of Sweden, showed that disease-suppressive effects were repeatable. The most efficient isolates, three fluorescent pseudomonads and a species of Pantoea , suppressed disease equal to that of the fungicide guazatine, both with respect to crop stand and yield. Seed treatment with Pantoea sp. (isolate MF 626) increased yield by an average of more than 500 kg ha−1 in six field experiments. 相似文献
3.
采用室内对峙培养筛选与田间防效比较相结合的方法,对哈茨木霉抑制番茄叶霉病菌的机
制进行了研究。对峙培养结果显示,5 个木霉菌菌株均覆盖或侵入了病原菌菌落,其中菌株TH16 和TH54
对病菌的抑制作用较强。田间防效试验表明,木霉菌TH16 和TH54 孢子悬浮液浓度在108 个 · mL-1 时防
效最好,分别为69.4%和60.0%。接种木霉后,番茄植株的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2 浓度(Ci)、气孔
导度(Gs)、CO2 光饱和同化速率(Asat)、Rubisco 最大羧化(Vcmax)、RuBP 最大再生速率(Jmax)及Rubisco、
FBPase 活性均明显增加。而接种叶霉病菌导致光合速率下降的同时伴随着Vcmax 和Jmax 的下降。预接种木
霉菌能将叶霉病菌导致的Pn、Asat、Vcmax、Jmax 抑制消除并恢复到对照水平。接种木霉能显著增加光合相
关基因的表达量,FBPase、FBPA、SBPase 和TPI 分别较对照增加了6.53 倍、3.51 倍、5.17 倍和7.81 倍。
研究结果表明木霉菌通过激活与光合相关酶活性及基因表达缓解了叶霉菌对番茄光合生理的抑制作用。 相似文献
4.
拮抗放线菌B1菌株鉴定及其防治番茄灰霉病的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
为明确放线菌B1菌株在植物病害生物防治中的应用潜力,采用平板对峙培养法、离体叶片和果实及温室盆栽苗测定其抑菌作用,通过多相分类法研究其分类地位,并且采用单因子试验与正交试验相结合的方法,筛选出该菌株的液体发酵培养基配方.结果表明:菌株B1对10种植物病原真菌和3种植物病原细菌有抑制作用,其中对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、甘蓝黑腐病菌和西瓜果腐病菌的抑制作用较强,对番茄灰霉病菌的生长抑制率达86.25%;菌株B1的代谢产物对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝有致畸作用;菌株B1发酵上清液在离体叶片和活体植株上对番茄灰霉病具有良好的生防作用,其防治效果分别为68.80%和64.03%.根据形态特征、培养性状、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析结果,将菌株B1初步鉴定为淡紫灰链霉菌Streptomyces lavendulae.通过正交试验筛选出菌株B1的液体发酵培养基组成为:葡萄糖15 g、玉米浆20g、NH4H2PO40.5 g、MgSO41.0 g、自来水1 000mL,pH 7.2~7.4. 相似文献
5.
为提供番茄灰霉病的早期诊断技术,应用其病原菌灰葡萄孢种特异片段P729分子标志,建立了PCR检测方法,并进行了实验室和大田现场标本的评价。结果显示番茄灰霉病的分子诊断方法在实验室具有特异、稳定和可靠的特点。比较6种抽提基因组DNA的方法,方法B效果理想。应用建立的分子诊断方法可从0.2μg灰葡萄孢菌丝中获得阳性扩增,具有相当高的灵敏性;大田样本的检测结果说明该方法可用于番茄灰霉病的早期诊断。 相似文献
6.
在日常的应用中,我们发现,制作材料是高合金钢的模具要比硬质合金制作的模具耐用,我们进而研究了其失效的方式以及失效的比例,研究结果显示,硬质合金的失效主要体现在掉渣和崩刃,而高合金钢的失效主要体现在正常的磨损方面。在制作的过程中,高合金钢会由于在加热的不适当而使得碳化物不均匀,或者使得硬度不稳定等原因而没有充分发挥材料的潜在能力,文章对如何提高高合金钢的寿命提出了具体方案。 相似文献
7.
随着城市地铁的飞速发展,地铁车站在条件满足的情况下大都采用明挖法施工。在施工主体侧墙时采用满堂红支架法施工,但因施工时工期较长且易存在一些质量通病,因此,近年来大块定型移动模架被得到了广泛的应用。 相似文献
8.
[目的]探讨42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的田间防治效果。[方法]以10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,采用小区试验研究42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防治效果。[结果]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂在剂量为150.0~225.0 g a.i./hm2时,对番茄叶霉病的防治效果为83.37%~91.63%,与10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂120.0g a.i./hm~2对番茄叶霉病的防治效果无显著差异,但显著高于70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g a.i./hm~2的防治效果。[结论]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可广泛用于番茄叶霉病的防治。 相似文献
9.
为探明黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)茎基部和根部灰霉病的病原菌,本文于2019—2021年春季对甘肃陇西县采集的黄芩病样进行病原菌的分离培养,运用形态学和内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer, ITS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,G3PDH)、热激蛋白60(Heat shock protein 60,HSP60)和RNA聚合酶亚基II(The second largest subunit of the nuclear RNA polymerase enzyme II,RPB2)多基因方法鉴定,采用菌丝生长抑制法进行药剂室内毒力测定和田间药剂防治试验。结果表明:引起黄芩灰霉病的病原菌为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),春季发病时表现为地上部分枯死不发芽,靠近地表的根表面呈暗绿色水渍状,随后地下根木质部变软呈黄褐色腐烂,病健交界明显;室内毒力测定表明,97%咯菌腈对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌作用最强,EC50为0.01... 相似文献
10.
In the measurement of EEG signals ,the pre - amplification electrical signal of brain is the most importantant and key link. Whether the design is excellent or inferior is related to the electrical signal detection system of brain directly. The design of this circuit has been paid attention to by domestic and international expert all the time. On the basis of existing biological electricity amplifier which is studied, the authors consult the electric amplifier circuit of living beings designed , such as reference , improve and design a new-type and high performance electrical signal characteristic of brain in . The circuit has prevented the traditional design from enlarging the miscellaneous simulation of the circuit and straining the wave link, otherwise, this circuit is of simple structure , low cost, and convenient debugging. The paper has detailed theoritic analysis and experimental results to prove this circuit, which offered a new train of thought for reseach and development of brain electrical amplifier and other faint biological electricity amplifiers . This curcuit has be expected to win extensive application. 相似文献