Milk Yield of Holstein Cows Induced into Lactation Twice Consecutively and Lactation Curve Models Fitted to Artiifcial Lactations

Nineteen multiparous barren Holstein cows were subjected to an induction of lactation protocol for 21 d administering estradiol cypionate （2 mg kg-1 of body weight （BW） d-1, on day 1 to 14）, progesterone （0.10 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 1 to 7）, lfumethasone （0.03 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 18 to 20） and recombinant bovine somatotropin （rbST;500 mg per cow, on day 1, 6, 16 and 21）. At the end of lactation and with a minimum of a 2-mon dry period, the same cows were again hormonally induced into lactation. Cows in both lactations were not artiifcially inseminated, they were milked 3 times daily and received rbST throughout lactation. Mean accumulated milk yield at 305 d in milk （DIM） did not differ between the ifrst and second induced lactations （（9 710 ＆#177;1 728） vs. （9 309＆#177;2 150） kg;mean＆#177;SD）. Total milk yield （（12 707＆#177;3 406） vs. （12 306＆#177;4 218） kg;mean＆#177;SD） and lactation length （（405＆#177;100） vs. （410＆#177;91） d;mean＆#177;SD） were not different between the ifrst and second induced lactations. In a second study, 15 empirical models including exponential, power law, yield-density, sigmoidal and miscellaneous models were compared for their suitability by modeling 12-mon （n=334）, 18-mon （n=164） and 29-mon （n=22） lactation cycles of Holsteins cows induced into lactation and treated with rbST throughout the lactation. Hoerl （Y=ab1/xxc）, Wood （Y=axb exp（cx）） and Dhanoa （Y=ax（bc）exp（cx）） models were equally suitable to describe 12-mon lactations. An exponential model with ifve parameters （Y=exp（a＋bx＋cd2＋e/x）） showed the best ift for milk yield for 18-mon lactations. The rational model （Y=a＋bx/1＋cx＋dx2） was found to produce the closest ift for 29-mon lactations. It was concluded that, with the protocol used in the present study, multiparous cows respond favorably to a second cycle of induced lactation, with milk yield similar to that experienced during the ifrst cycle. Thus, dairy producers might be able to lengthen the productive life of infertile high producing cows with a renewal of artiifcial lactation, which would imply an overall reduction in voluntary culling of cows. Also, various equations used to describe the lactation curves demonstrated the potential for iftting monthly milk records of Holstein cows with prolonged lactations and induced hormonally into lactation.     

北京黑猪对注射猪生长激素(PST)的效应

已知用生长激素(PST)处理美国的肥育猪可提高饲料报酬、生长速度和胴体的瘦肉率。由于中国猪比美国猪更肥一些,饲料报酬较低和生长较慢,因而设想用生长激素处理中国猪可能更有效。本试验在肥育期28天内用 PST 处理北京黑猪(由中国地方猪,约克夏和巴克夏杂交育成),在每天饲喂4次的个体饲养组(n=12,6头公猪和6头母猪)中,每天注射2毫克和4毫克 PST 的猪,其饲养报酬分别提高22.3%和30.6%(P<0.01),主要是提高了生长速度(分别比对照组快24.4%和30.2%)(P<0.01),而对饲料摄入量没有影响。每天注射 PST 2毫克(28天),群饲猪(6头/圈,4圈/处理组)得到了类似的结果:饲料报酬提高22.7%(P<0.01);生长速度提高25%(P<0.01)。屠宰分析的结果表明,每天注射2和4毫克 PST 的猪,最后肋膘厚率平均降低19.2%(P<0.01)。剥离分析半片胴体的结果表明,PST 处理猪的疫肉总量和瘦肉率分别提高21.4%和13%(P<0.01),而总脂肪量和脂肪率则分别降低16.7%(P<0.05)和22%(P<0.01)。胴体的化学分析获得类似结果。PST 处理猪的背最长肌的 ...     

生长激素对体外培养猪COCs影响的研究

研究了生长激素对猪COCs体外成熟过程中卵丘细胞扩展、卵丘细胞凋亡、卵母成熟及孤雌激活后卵裂的影响。结果表明:生长激素(STH)能够促进卵丘细胞扩展,抑制卵丘细胞凋亡,对卵母细胞的成熟和激活后卵裂呈现双重效应。在猪COCs培养液中添加0.15μg/mL STH成熟率(73.83%±1.80%)和卵裂率(64.76%±2.84%)显著高于对照组(mNCSU-23+PMSG(10IU/mL)+hCG(10 IU/mL))及添加0.01、0.05、0.1、2μg/mL STH组(P<0.05),在本实验中为猪卵母细胞体外成熟的最佳条件。     

Effects of misty‐fan cooling and supplemental rbST on rumen function and milk production of crossbred Holstein cattle during early,mid and late lactation in a tropical environment

Two groups of five crossbred 87.5% Holstein cattle were housed in normal shade only (NS) as non‐cooled cows and in shaded housing with misty‐fan cooling (MF) as cooled cows. The cows were treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in early, mid and late lactation with three consecutive injections of rbST in every 14 days. Ambient temperatures and the temperature humidity index in the NS barn were significantly higher than those of the MF barn, whereas relative humidity in MF was higher than that of NS barn. The DMI of cooled cows were higher than those of non‐cooled cows, and cooled cows exhibited more response to rbST treatment. Exogenous rbST significantly increased milk yield throughout lactation. The rbST‐treated cows had higher total ruminal fermentation products as volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen than the non‐rbST treated cows and associated changes were greater in cooled animals in all stages of lactation. Exogenous rbST increased the concentrations of milk urea nitrogen in both groups. These results suggest that the changes in ruminal fermentation with greater production of total VFA and NH₃N in response to rbST in crossbred cows whether under misty‐fan cooling or not, is in part through an increase in feed intake, thereby making more substrate available to the mammary gland for milk synthesis.     

红叶石楠扦插繁殖试验

本试验研究了不同生长素种类与浓度及处理方法对红叶石楠扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明:对木质化程度较大的上段插穗(留1片叶),以NAA 1 000 mg/L液浸泡插穗基部5 s较好;对半木质化的中段插穗(留2片叶)和较幼嫩的下段插穗(留3片叶),以NAA 100 mg/L液浸泡插穗基部2 h的处理效果最佳,能较好地促进插穗生根,萌芽情况良好。     

基因重组猪生长激素对不同杂交肥育猪组织中IGF-ImRNA和IGF-I影响的研究

选用长雅和长约去势公猪各12头 ,按2×2因子设计 ,每头每天分别注射基因重组猪生长激素4mg或0mg28天 ,测定生长激素对组织中IGF -ImRNA和IGF -I的影响。结果表明 ,基因重组猪生长激素分别提高长雅和长约去势公猪血浆和半腱肌中IGF -ImRNA含量53.38 %～97.50 %和40.47 %～106.79 % ;分别提高血浆和半腱肌中IGF -I含量44.21 %～72.04 %和56.03 %～58.32 %。血浆与肌肉中IGF -ImRNA、IGF -I具有显著的正相关关系。外源生长激素对肌肉中IGF -ImRNA和IGF -I的影响 ,具有显著的杂交类型效应     

外源生长激素在延边黄牛上的试验研究(Ⅲ)——对血液生理生化指标的影响

为阐明外源生长激素对延边黄牛血液生理生化指标的影响。试验 1选用 2 0头体重、月龄相近的延边黄牛育成牛 (阉牛 ) ,按体重随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组每 1 4d注射 1次 0 .4 2mg/kgBW的生长激素 ,对照组不注射 ,持续 1 6 8d ,进行了外源生长激素对延边黄牛育成牛血液生理生化指标影响的研究。结果表明 ,试验组的血清葡萄糖 (P <0 .0 5 )和血清钙 (P <0 .0 5 )含量均高于对照组 ,尿素氮 (P <0 .0 1 )含量低于对照组。血清总蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白、总脂、磷含量试验组分别高于对照组 ,但差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,血清谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)含量两组基本相似。试验 2通过对 1 2头泌乳母牛及其哺育的犊牛研究表明 :泌乳母牛和犊牛的血清总蛋白、清蛋白、钙、葡萄糖、总脂、无机磷含量试验组均高于对照组 ,其中清蛋白含量差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,母牛的血液指标中 ,血清总蛋白含量试验组高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,血清非蛋白氮含量试验组与对照组之间没有差异。犊牛的血液指标中 ,血清总脂、非蛋白氮、谷草转氨酶含量试验组均低于对照组 ,但差异不显著     

猪用生长激素脂质体对小鼠的促生长作用

[目的]研究猪用生长激素（porcine somatotropin,PST）脂质体对小鼠的促生长作用与缓释效果。[方法]将试验小鼠随机分组,试验组小鼠分别腹腔注射PST纯品和PST脂质体,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水。分别于7、14和28 d后称重,计算小鼠增重率。[结果]试验组小鼠增重与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）,表明PST和PST脂质体对小鼠有促生长作用,且PST脂质体具有明显的缓释效果。[结论]PST脂质体缓释期长达7 d以上,具有显著的促生长效果。     

Discovery and research progress of ghrelin

Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated brain-gut peptide, consisting of 28 amino acids, discovered and isolated from stomach.Ghrelin stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) through the binding with growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The intensive results imply that ghrelin exists in brain and gastrointestinal tract, and that many other cells can secret ghrelin. Functionaly, ghrelin not only increase the GH release, but also is related to body growth energy metabolism, endocrine, blood circulation and some diseases.     

The Effect of Bovine Growth Hormone on Growth,Carcass Composition and Meat Quality of Dairy Heifers

Abstract

Our objective was to examine the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on growth, carcass composition and meat quality of dairy heifers. Nine monozygotic twin pairs of Friesian or Red Danish cattle were used, and pair-fed à diet consisting of grass silage, barley and soybean meal. Within each pair, one animal was given daily subcutaneous injections of 20 IU of pituitary-derived bGH (15–20 mg), while the other animal was injected with saline (excipient). Treatments started at 179±2 kg body weight and lasted for 15.6 weeks. At slaughter, carcass composition and meat quality were analyzed. bGH treatment increased gain by 8% (948 vs. 877 g/d; P <0.03). The amount of saleable meat in carcass and lean content of four main carcass cuts were on average increased by 2% (P <0.05). Concomitantly, carcass fat trim was reduced by 12% (P <0.001), fat trim of individual cuts by 4–21% (P <0.05), and kidney fat by 13% (P <0.01). Except for a 20% reduction of intramuscular fat content (P <0.001), meat quality assessed by objective as well as subjective methods was unaffected by bGH treatment. In summary, bGH treatment of dairy heifers around puberty stimulated growth and reduced carcass fattening including intramuscular fat, while eating quality of the meat was unaffected.