SSR-based genetic linkage analysis of resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) is a serious foliar disease of the pasture and turfgrass perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Previous genetic studies have detected both qualitative and quantitative resistance mechanisms, and interpretation of the genetic system is complicated by variation within the sexually reproducing pathogen. Resistant and susceptible parental genotypes of ryegrass were identified using a composite urediniospore population collected from three geographically distinct locations. A two-way pseudo-testcross mapping population was obtained as the F₁ progeny of the pair-cross between ryegrass parental genotypes Vedette₆ and Victorian₉. Both parents showed intermediate resistance against a pathogen population collected in a single geographical zone (Hamilton, Victoria), but in the F₁ population, significant variation for a range of resistance-associated characters was detected. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data suggested a major gene effect, hence bulked segregant analysis with map-assigned simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was used to scan the genome. A marker showing strong association with resistance was assigned to linkage group (LG) 2 of perennial ryegrass. Analysis of 11 LG2 SSR markers defined an interval between loci xlpssrh03f03 and xlpssrk02e02 as containing the gene or genes (LpPc1) conferring crown rust resistance. Resistance gene determinants were inherited from both parents, with up to 80% of the total phenotypic variation explained by markers segregating from Vedette₆ and up to 26% of the variation explained by markers segregating from Victorian₉. The two contributions together resulted in an additive increase in effect, with fully resistant individuals requiring determinants from both parents. A conserved syntenic relationship was observed with linkage group B of Avena strigosa, which is the location of a cluster of resistance genes to the oat form of crown rust. The implications of this study for marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in perennial ryegrass are discussed.     

契诃夫短篇小说的“简单”特色

契诃夫是俄国十分著名的小说名匠,它的短篇小说别具特色,在语言运用方面,精炼、直白不冗杂,给人一种清淅明了的舒畅;在人物塑造方面,他运用简单的线条、笔触来勾勒,能够直击人物的重点;在叙事角度,他选择用日常生活中的小事来阐述大的哲学道理;契诃夫的短篇小说,虽简单却五脏俱全,细节描写细致入微,耐人寻味。下面文章将分就契诃夫短篇小说中的"简单"特色进行具体阐述。     

低能Ar+注入樱桃萝卜点点红种子后的生物学效应

选取樱桃萝卜点点红为材料,对低能Ar+离子注入其干种子后的生物学效应进行了研究。考察了其发芽率、成活率与低能Ar+注入剂量的关系,对低能Ar+注入点点红种子后其过氧化物酶(POD)的活性进行了测定,并对POD酶谱及酯酶(Est)同工酶酶谱进行分析。研究结果表明,不同剂量的低能Ar+注入都会引起种子发芽率、成活率及不同阶段的生长和发育产生变异;在1×1017Ar+/cm2与3×1017Ar+/cm2剂量之间点点红种子的发芽率随注入剂量的增加呈现出“马鞍型”曲线的变化趋势;成活率的变化规律与发芽率的变化规律基本一致;低剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而升高;高剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而降低。同工酶图谱中,POD在2.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2增加一条酶带,且1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2高剂量注入时有缺失现象;酯酶(Est)在1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2剂量注入时酶带数增加,且变深。     

微卫星分子标记鉴定黑龙江主要水稻品种及遗传多样性的研究

选用分布于水稻12条染色体上的75对SSR引物,对25个水稻品种进行DNA扩增,筛选到特异扩增条带的SSR引物25对。共检测出71条多态性条带,用UPGMA聚类分析结果分析,遗传相似性系数为0.54处可分成2类,在第一类中遗传相似系数在0.73~0.94之间,除了松粳3号和龙粳14不能区分之外,其它品种均能区别,表明近缘品种之间的检出率较低。     

基于RealSense深度相机的多特征树干快速识别方法

针对农业机器人在果园定位和导航中,环境背景复杂、光照强度变化大等问题,本文提出了一种基于RGB-D相机并利用颜色、深度、宽度和平行边特征的树干快速识别方法。首先,使用RealSense深度相机获取果园的彩色图像和深度数据;然后,将彩色图像转换为HSV颜色空间,再对HSV颜色空间中的S分量进行超像素分割,并将颜色特征和深度特征相近的相邻超像素块进行合并;随后,对深度图像进行树干宽度特征检测,对宽度置信率大于阈值的物体看作是待处理物体;最后,对待处理的物体进行平行边特征检测,在待处理物体边缘区域选择感兴趣区域窗口（ROI）进行边缘检测,搜索可能的树干边缘直边,当物体边缘的置信率R_B大于设定的阈值T_LB时,则识别为树干。通过对树干的多特征提取,有效提高了在不同环境下树干识别准确率。利用移动机器人平台在果园环境进行试验测试,以检验在强光照、正常光照和弱光照条件下树干识别算法的性能。试验结果表明,本文的树干识别算法在强光照、正常光照和弱光照条件下,树干识别的准确率分别为92.38%、91.35%和89.86%,每帧图像平均耗时分别为0.54、0.66、...     

Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tag sequences from a soft‐seeded pomegranate cDNA library

The cultivation of soft‐seeded pomegranate is an important direction in pomegranate breeding. To comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of soft‐seeded pomegranate (Punica granatum. var. Hongmanaozi), we established an expressed sequence tag (EST) resource. Two thousand valid sequences were generated, from which 907 unigenes were obtained after initial assembly using the clustalx program. Among these unigenes, 51 showed no similarity to any protein in the public databases, 433 matched with proteins of unknown function, and 423 matched with proteins of known or putative functions. The 423 unigenes were further classified into 13 categories. Among these categories, protein synthesis, cell structure, protein destination and storage, secondary metabolism, signal transduction and transporters accounted for 8%, 8%, 4%, 7%, 6% and 17%, respectively. We also successfully developed 10 highly polymorphic expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers for pomegranate. The results provide a new tool for future activities in pomegranate breeding.     

国内外降雨侵蚀力简易计算方法的比较

降雨是引起土壤侵蚀的主要动力 ,用 EI30 指标度量。计算 EI30 时 ,需要降雨过程资料 ,而且计算繁琐和费时 ,为此 ,很多学者采用常规降雨资料计算降雨侵蚀力的简易算法。它们往往利用区域资料经验拟合求得 ,如要推广使用 ,需要进行验证。利用我国 10个气象站降雨过程和常规降雨资料 ,通过对国内外 9种比较有代表性的多年平均年降雨侵蚀力简易计算方法的比较 ,建议采用年雨量的指数函数形式作为估算我国多年平均年降雨侵蚀力的简易计算方法。为保证计算结果的区域稳定性 ,应分不同区域进行拟合。     

一套GPS两种功能的结合在水土保持监测中的应用研究

通过试验与分析,利用一套双频GPS进行单点定位与快速RTK技术的结合来快速测量水土流失面积,即:先用GPS单点适时定位完成控制测量,再利用RTK技术测量水土流失的边界,当超出RTK测量的有效范围时,再采用单点定位法进行控制点的加密,以便于继续RTK测量工作,直至测区边界的测量工作全部完成为止。这种方法简单、准确、经济,解决了水土保持监测中的面积度量问题,克服了由于国家三角点被破坏而受数量与分布的限制的缺点。     

杉木简单竞争指数及生长模型的研究

杉木胸径生长量随简单竞争指数的增大而减小，二者之间关系用指数函数拟合是适宜的．林分内简单竞争指数的最大值为平均值的１．５～２．１倍，最小值为０．５～０．７倍．林分株数按简单竞争指数的分布可用对数正态分布拟合，由此建立的各竞争指数级林木株数预估模型，结合单木生长模型，可对林分内各生长级的林木株数作出预估，为合理的抚育间伐提供依据．径阶平均竞争指数随直径增大而减小，二者之间关系用指数函数拟合是适宜的，相关系数均在０．９３以上，径阶平均竞争指数预估模型的建立，简化了竞争指数的测算，扩大了单木生长模型的适用范围，为建立从单木到全林分的整体生长模型提供了一条途径．