紫外诱杀灯和瓦楞纸诱捕与取样筛检法检测储粮害虫比较研究

在散装储藏稻谷的平房仓中比较研究了紫外诱杀灯、瓦楞纸板和取样筛检检测储粮害虫的效果。在夏季近4个月的研究观察中,发现紫外诱杀灯可较取样筛检早近2个月大量检测到锈赤扁谷盗,早约2个月检测到较多的谷蠹,紫外诱杀灯没有诱集到赤拟谷盗。瓦楞纸板诱捕锈赤扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗较取样筛检法所得时间早、数量多,但在检测到谷蠹的时间上要比取样筛检晚4周的时间。随着环境温度的升高,紫外诱杀灯和瓦楞纸板诱集到锈赤扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗的数量都有增加和波动,瓦楞纸板诱集到谷蠹的数量变化很小。     

在路桥施工中应用土工布的几点做法和体会

本文论述了土工布在道桥施工中遇到护坡时以及城市道路改造工程中作为反滤层的特点,土工布在施工中的方法及注意事项。     

过筛处理对小兴安岭2种森林类型土壤有机碳矿化的影响

采用室内培养法研究了过筛处理对小兴安岭阔叶次生林和原始红松林土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化的影响,测定了土壤有机碳矿化速率和累积矿化量(C_m),以及培养前后土壤冷水提取碳水化合物(CWEC)和热水提取碳水化合物(HWEC),利用一级动力学模型拟合土壤有机碳矿化参数:潜在可矿化碳(C₀)、易矿化有机碳(C₁)等,并分析了土壤C_m与冷水提取碳水化合物和热水提取碳水化合物的关系。结果表明:阔叶次生林土壤有机碳矿化速率和C_m均大于原始红松林。过筛处理使2种森林类型土壤有机碳矿化速率和累积矿化量增加,其中1 mm过筛土壤有机碳矿化增加量大于2 mm过筛土。过筛处理对2种森林类型土壤有机碳矿化速率的影响随着培养时间延长而减小。过筛处理对土壤C₀无影响,却使土壤C₁增加,其中2 mm过筛土C₁增加49.09%~68.06%,1 mm过筛土C₁增加91.03%~133.83%。过筛处理使土壤CWEC增加,但对HWEC无影响。土壤C_m与CWEC和HWEC的初始含量及变化量均呈极显著正相关,表明水提取碳水化合物是土壤有机碳矿化的关键组成部分,碳水化合物的损耗可以在很大程度上解释土壤矿化释放的CO₂。综上,过筛处理破坏土壤结构,释放出部分胶结团聚体的碳水化合物,增加土壤有机碳矿化。      

Impact of Soil Water Content and Core Sampler Diameter at Sampling for Dry Soil Fragment‐Size Distributions

Soil conditions at sampling and the dimensions of the sample are critical factors when soil aggregation is indirectly characterized by determining the distribution of soil fragments. Our objective was to determine the effects of gravimetric soil water content and core sampler diameter (16, 54, and 84 mm) at sampling on the dry‐fragment‐size distribution of two soils (Typic Paleudalf and Typic Hapludalf) under undisturbed Festuca arundinacea L. sod and recently rototilled treatments. The 16‐mm core diameter sampler compressed the rototilled soil, and it was not appropriate for soil aggregation studies. The fragmentation of samples taken with core diameters greater than 54 mm decreased with decreasing soil water content. A greater probability of discriminating between undisturbed and fragmented silt loam or clay loam soils was observed when sampling with a 54‐mm‐diameter probe and when the soil had a mean soil water content of 237g kg^?1 or at a potential of ?0.61MPa.     

Long‐term effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes in aggregates of an intensively cultivated sandy loam

The activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes were measured in soil and aggregates to understand compost and inorganic fertilizer amendment effects on soil organic carbon accumulation in an intensively cultivated upland field. Soil samples were collected from a long‐term field experiment with seven treatments: compost, half‐compost N plus half‐fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK and no fertilizer control. The 18‐yr continuous application of compost increased organic C content in soil and three aggregate sizes by 72–124 and 78–234%, respectively, compared with the control. Fertilization also significantly increased organic C contents in soil, macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction, but not in microaggregates. Compost application significantly reduced the specific activities of polyphenol oxidase (activity per unit organic C) in soil and three aggregate sizes compared with control, whereas fertilization had a much weaker effect. Compost amendment also significantly lowered the specific activities of invertase in macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction, and this effect was more pronounced than the addition of fertilizer NPK. In contrast, inorganic fertilizer and compost application significantly increased the specific activities of cellobiohydrolase in soil, macroaggregates and microaggregates (but not in the silt + clay fraction), and xylosidase in microaggregates. The application of fertilizer NPK had a more pronounced effect than compost. We considered that the increase in organic C in compost‐amended soil was therefore probably associated with the accumulation of lignocellulose and sucrose in macroaggregates, lignocellulose and hemicellulose in microaggregates and lignin (its derivative) and nonstructural carbohydrates in the silt + clay fraction. However, the application of fertilizer NPK enhanced organic C probably due to an increase in the content of lignin (its derivative) and sucrose in macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction. Therefore, the application of compost with high lignocellulose should be effective to increase soil organic C in the North China Plain.     

浅谈刨花板生产中几种刨花筛选设备

根据国内刨花板生产的实际情况，介绍和比较几种刨花筛选设备。     

棉花专用叶面肥（GFF）应用效果

通过 2a田间多点小区试验和示范 ,对中国农业大学研制的棉花专用肥和 5种已推广应用的叶面肥进行比较筛选。结果表明中国农业大学研制的叶面肥优于其它 5种叶面肥 ,在提高棉花霜前花比例和增加绒长方面有突出作用 ,可做为棉花平衡施肥的配套措施。     

Assessment of soil erodibility and aggregate stability for different parts of a forest road

We measured erodibility and mean weight diameter （MWD） of soil aggregates in different parts of a forest road. Samples of topsoil were collected from cutslope, fillslope, road surface and forest ground to assess the texture, bulk density, moisture, CaCO3 and organic matter. Soil aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Soil erodibility on the road surface was 2.3 and 1.3 times higher than on the fillslope and cutslope, respectively. The forest soil had the lowest erodibility. Aggregate stability of cutslope and road surface were low and very low, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between cutslope erodibility with CaCO3 and sand content. Cutslope erodibility increased with increasing silt, clay and moisture content. On fillslopes, MWD increased with in-creasing rock fragment cover, plant cover, litter cover, organic matter and sand. There was a strong negative correlation between fillslope erodibility and organic matter, sand and MWD. There was no significant difference between erodibility of bare soil and soils beneathRubus hyrcanusL. and Philonotis marchica （Hedw.） Brid.     

植物抗盐性研究及耐盐牧草的筛选概况

本文概述了盐渍土改良和植物抗盐性生理研究的进展，对当前植物的抗盐性鉴定的技术方法与及抗盐性脂标进行了重点阐述和评价，并详细介绍了牧草的耐盐鉴定，筛选研究概况及作者的近年来的研究成果。     

桂西北喀斯特地区典型土壤在不同筛分强度下团聚体的稳定性

采用AS 200筛分仪分析了不同有机碳含量下3种喀斯特典型土壤(红壤、棕色石灰土、黑色石灰土)的团聚体颗粒在不同筛分强度(1.5,2和2.5mm振幅)的分级特征。结果显示,3种土壤平均重量直径(MWD)从大到小为:黑色石灰土棕色石灰土红壤(p0.05)。随筛分强度由小到大,棕色石灰土和黑色石灰土的团聚体颗粒分级变化较小,红壤团聚体颗粒分级由大颗粒(8,8~5,5~2mm)团聚体为主逐渐变为中间粒径颗粒(5~2,2~1mm)。红壤团聚体结构最易被筛分过程破坏,其次是棕色石灰土,最后是黑色石灰土。研究表明石灰土团聚体机械稳定性强于红壤,且筛分强度直接影响团聚体分级结果。从团聚体聚合角度来看,喀斯特石灰土土壤稳定性较强。