A releaser pheromone that attracts methyltestosterone- treated immature fish in the urine of ovulated female rainbow trout

SUMMARY: Behavioral experiments concerning a releaser pheromone in the urine of female rainbow trout were performed using immature fish administered orally with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) during the non-spawning season. The urine was collected by catheter. The frequency of entries of test fish was recorded in each channel scented by test and control solutions in a Y-maze trough. The behavior of both MT-treated and control fish demonstrated that they could not discriminate the differences between distilled and environmental water as control solutions. There was also no difference between MT-treated and control fish when distilled and environmental water were introduced. The MT-treated immature fish were attracted to the channel scented by ovulated female urine. Neither coelomic fluid nor the immature female urine had any effect on the behavioral responses of MT-treated fish, while immature control fish had no preference for the urine of ovulated females. These results suggest in rainbow trout that ovulated female urine contains a releaser pheromone to attract mature males, and that androgens are involved in the sensory mechanisms detecting the releaser pheromone in fish.     

饥饿、季节及性别对大鲵肌肉、肝脏生化成分的影响

季节会影响到大鲵肌肉的脂肪及钙的含量,肝脏的脂肪、钙及游离氨基酸的含量,饥饿对肌肉的酸化成分不产生影响,但饥饿程度的增加,会对肝脏脂肪无氮浸出物及游离氨基酸产生影响;繁殖前雌性大鲵的肌肉肝脏的肪肪含量均高于雄性的。     

Patterns of silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) sex ratio in a catchment

Abstract –  Changes in the numbers and size-class structure of European silver eels, Anguilla anguilla , in the River Frémur (France) were examined over a 9-year period after installation of downstream eel passes. The number of silver eels migrating downstream peaked in 1999, then decreased strongly and steadily after 2000, reaching relatively low levels. At the same time, a gradual shift in the silver eel sex ratio from a dominance of males (size from 270 to 442 mm, age from 3 to 6 years) to females (size from 366 to 1112 mm, age from 4 to 9 years) was recorded. Possible explanations for the escapement patterns observed are environmental sex determination and the installation of eel passes on the main hydraulic engineering structures in 1992 and 1996.     

早熟优质长豇豆新品种‘鄂豇豆2 号’

 ‘鄂豇豆2号’是经有性杂交选育而成的早熟蔓生豇豆新品种。该品种荚浅绿色, 长60 cm,单荚质量18~ 24 g。早熟, 荚商品性状优良, 产量高, 对光周期反应不敏感, 田间疫病、煤霉病、病毒病发病率低, 适宜于春、夏、秋各季栽培, 已在全国大部分省份推广种植成功。     

沙棘木蠹蛾综合控制技术研究

沙棘木蠹蛾是近几年在我国内蒙古、辽宁、山西、宁夏、陕西和甘肃等地大面积成灾的一种钻蛀性害虫,主要以幼虫危害沙棘的根部和干部.由于该虫以前从未大面积发生危害,相关的研究报道较少.笔者从沙棘木蠹蛾的成灾原因、生物生态学特性、可供监测和防治的性引诱剂,以及天敌种类和自然控制效果等方面进行了较全面的研究,取得了重要研究成果.     

梨小食心虫性信息素的合成

以8-溴代辛醇、三苯基膦和正丁醛为原料,分别以二甲亚砜钠盐和二甲亚砜作为强碱和溶剂,通过Wittig试剂合成梨小食心虫性信息素,收率30％。产物结构经IR、NMR、MS分析得到证实。提出的合成方法原料易得,路线短,副产物少,操作简单常规。     

辅料和菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥腐熟的影响

为研究不同辅料与菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥过程中堆体理化性质的影响,试验以牛粪为原料,设置7个不同的辅料和菌剂处理, T1(牛粪+玉米秸秆+发酵菌剂)、T2(牛粪+稻草+发酵菌剂)、T3(牛粪+蘑菇菌渣+发酵菌剂)、T4(牛粪+玉米秸秆)、T5(牛粪+稻草)、T6(牛粪+蘑菇菌渣)、CK(牛粪不添加辅料和发酵菌剂)。结果表明,在堆肥过程中,各处理批次的水分含量和C/N均呈下降趋势,pH值先升后降,有机质先降后升,种子发芽指数随堆肥天数的增加而增加。T1和 T2处理堆体升温快、高温期持续时间长,最高温度可达到66℃~67℃,高温期持续30~32天,加速了堆肥腐熟进程,提高了种子发芽指数。堆肥结束时T1和T2处理的种子发芽指数分别达到78.26%和76.48%。隶属函数综合评价表明T1腐熟程度最高,即当牛粪与玉米秸秆配比为4:1时,添加发酵菌剂有利于堆肥腐熟。     

诱捕器类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫引诱效果的影响

采用标准诱芯及合成化合物组配诱芯,比较了诱捕器的类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫诱捕效果的影响。结果表明:粘胶板式(三角形、船形)和水盆式2种诱捕器类型及红色、深绿色、浅绿色、紫色、白色、黄色、棕色、蓝色8种三角板诱捕器颜色均对引诱活性无显著影响,而不同颜色诱芯对大豆食心虫的引诱效果影响较大,其中绿色诱芯引诱效果较好,显著优于蓝色、红色、灰色及橘色诱芯。因此,在田间应用时,建议优先选用绿色诱芯,并根据实际情况灵活选用不同类型的诱捕器。     

甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定及其田间试验

采用气相色谱仪(GC)及气质联用仪(GC-MS)等技术对我国甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定结果表明,雌蛾性信息素腺体中含有4种组分,分别为Z9,E12-14:Ac(A)、Z9-14:OH(B)、Z9-14:Ac(C)和Z9,E12-14:OH(D);田间和室内种群各组分的比例(A:B:C:D)分别为47:18:18:17和43:18:23:16,比例及滴度在两种群间未有显著差异;雄蛾田间引诱测定表明,组分A、B显示性信息素活性。几种不同配比的硅橡胶塞诱芯在田间均显示极高的诱蛾活性,以9:1的AB二元诱芯(剂量100μg)最高,其诱蛾量与黑光灯相当,两者呈显著的正相关性,表明该诱芯可替代黑光灯用于甜菜夜蛾的种群测报。利用性诱捕器进行田间种群监测显示,1999年浙江省慈溪市的甜菜夜蛾共发生6代,以第4、5代发生量最高。