氨基酸硒叶面肥对吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜叶片早衰生理特性的影响

[目的]研究叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥,对新疆吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜早衰生理的影响,筛选出秋季露地甜瓜早衰延缓和调控技术中氨基酸硒肥的最佳施用浓度和频次.[方法]在吐鲁番秋季露地栽培条件下,以露地甜瓜主栽品种'西州密17号'为试材,从初花期开始设置叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥处理,以清水为对照,分析不同浓度氨基酸硒肥对甜瓜叶...     

大穗型小麦豫麦66的叶片衰老研究及氮代谢

为了阐明大穗型品种豫麦66的灌浆后期衰老特征,本文以小偃22为对照,对两个品种生育后期的衰老以及氮代谢做了研究。结果表明,灌浆后期大穗型品种豫麦66的绿叶面积高于小偃22,MDA含量较小偃22低。其叶片、茎秆以及籽粒的全氮含量均高于小偃22。花前的氮素转运率豫麦66高于小偃22,对于籽粒的贡献率而言,豫麦66花前低于小偃22,花后高于小偃22。因此,大穗型品种豫麦66在生育后期较高的含氮量保证了其后期的高光合作用,进一步提高了产量。     

菜薹叶片衰老相关转录因子BrWRKY75的特性分析

以菜薹[Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis（L.）Mokino var. utilis Tsen et Lee]为材料,克隆得到1个WRKY转录因子,命名为BrWRKY75。氨基酸序列比对及进化树分析发现BrWRKY75与拟南芥的WRKY75同源性较高,且同属于第Ⅱ类c亚族。实时荧光定量PCR表明BrWRKY75在菜薹叶片衰老过程中表达明显增强。亚细胞定位和转录活性分析显示BrWRKY75定位于细胞核,是一种核蛋白,并且具有转录抑制活性。体外凝胶阻滞试验（EMSA）证实BrWRKY75能与W-box（TTGAC）元件特异结合。上述结果为进一步研究菜薹叶片衰老的转录调控机制奠定了基础。     

Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize

Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth stage. In this study, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain yield. Two waxy maize hybrids, Suyunuo 5(SYN5) and Yunuo 7(YN7), were grown under the control and drought(soil moisture content was 70–80% and 50–60%, respectively) conditions after silking in 2016 and 2017. The decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4% for YN7 and SYN5, respectively, owing to the decreased grain weight and number. Post-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2% in YN7 and 26.3% in SYN5. The contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6% in YN7 and 10.2% in SYN5, respectively. Post-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content, but decreased the contents of water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in the leaves. The weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and antioxidant system(catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) reduced the photosynthetic rate(P_n) and accelerated leaf senescence. The correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition, ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss.     

Potential Anti-Aging Substances Derived from Seaweeds

Aging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that several pathways, such as sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin-like growth factor, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 play critical roles in regulating aging. Furthermore, genetic or dietary interventions of these pathways can extend lifespan by delaying the aging process. Seaweeds are a food source rich in many nutrients, including fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. The health benefits of seaweeds include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obese activities. Interestingly, a body of studies shows that some seaweed-derived extracts or isolated compounds, can modulate these aging-regulating pathways or even extend lifespans of various animal models. However, few such studies have been conducted on higher animals or even humans. In this review, we focused on potential anti-aging bioactive substances in seaweeds that have been studied in cells and animals mainly based on their anti-aging cellular and molecular mechanisms.     

超高产水稻开花结实期间叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的关系

 对超高产水稻培矮64S/9311和协优9308从抽穗到籽粒成熟过程中剑叶中H2O2 、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、组织自动氧化速率、脂氧合酶（LOX）及保护酶超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASP）的动态变化过程进行了测定。结果表明，协优9308的剑叶衰老较慢。2个材料的剑叶叶片衰老可能原因是叶片内SOD、CAT、ASP活性过早下降，LOX活性增加，进而导致膜脂过氧化，使活性氧代谢失调，引起叶绿素和蛋白质降解，培矮64S/9311的各项生理指标比协优9308早衰老，而且乳熟期是培矮64S/9311早衰的关键时期。     

陆地棉转录因子GhNAC78基因的特征及功能分析

本实验室从陆地棉中克隆得到GhNAC78,分析了其基因特征及功能。该基因cDNA全长为937 bp,开放阅读框为876bp,编码291个氨基酸,隶属于NAM转录因子亚家族。体外转录激活实验表明,GhNAC78具有转录激活活性。上游启动子区1537 bp序列的生物信息学分析可知其包含多种激素、胁迫和光响应元件,表明GhNAC78广泛地参与植物生长发育和胁迫响应的调控。荧光定量结果显示,GhNAC78在棉花叶片衰老过程中高调表达,推测其参与叶片衰老的调控。     

短季棉主要农艺性状的遗传分析

选用5个早熟不早衰的短季棉品种和5 个早衰的短季棉品种进行部分双列杂交。通过对亲本、F1 和F2 代分别于2001 年和 2002 年两年田间试验研究。结果表明:子棉产量、皮棉产量和衣分3个性状以显性效应为主,其次为加性效应,同时还存在极显著的加性上位性与环境的互作效应,单铃重和成铃数以显性效应为主;与早熟有关的诸性状,生育期、始花期、铃期和果枝始节4个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,霜前花率以显性效应×环境互作效应为主,同时存在显著的加性上位效应,落叶株率以加性与加性互作上位性为主,落叶指数以加性效应为主;与纤维品质有关的诸性状,2.5%跨长、比强度、伸长率3个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,同时还存在着加性、上位性与环境的互作效应;同时还研究了产量、早熟性和纤维品质各性状之遗传和表型相关关系。     

精胺对离体小麦叶片过氧化物酶活性的影响

离体小麦叶片在暗处叶绿素迅速分解，过氧化物酶活性升高，精胺处理可以延缓叶绿素降解并且降低过氧化物酶的活性。过氧化物酶同工酶的聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳结果显示，衰老叶片除保持原有的３条同工酶活性外，还出现１条新的同工酶，该酶活性随时间延长而上升。精胺处理则一直无此酶的出现。另外，随精胺处理时间的延长，有两条同工酶活性不断降低，另一条基本保持不变。根据过氧化物酶在植物体中的作用，推测精胺保绿作用的机理与精胺抑制过氧化物酶活性或降低过氧化物酶活性有关。