《侵权责任法》背景下的劳动关系辨析

企业未办理营业执照就进行生产，工人工作时受伤，本应按照《工伤保险条例》进行赔偿，适用无过错原则。然而，一些基层法院认为，双方形成了个人之间的劳务关系，应按《侵权责任法》的规定，适用过错相抵原则，这严重损害了劳动者的合法权益。劳动关系与劳务关系相比较，劳动关系具有产业性、劳动者的从属性、生产的组织性和期限的长期性等特征。通过对劳动关系内涵的分析，有助于我们正确处理案件，就不会错误地将本是劳动关系的案件认定为双方存在劳务关系，也不会将工伤案件按劳务关系处理。     

美国军事司法禁止强制性自证其罪规则解读

美国军事司法禁止强制性自证其罪规则,与"米兰达规则"有着本质区别。尽管二者在法源上相同,但建立的规则不同。美国军事司法禁止强制性自证其罪规则确立了禁止刑讯逼供原则、预先告知原则和非法证据排除规则,但虐囚事件充分暴露了美国军事司法禁止强制性自证其罪规则的本质。     

An Expert Knowledge-acquisition Method on Line of Automatic Excluding Errors

Aimed at soving the problem existing in the knowledge-acquisition directing-operation expert systems, a new method is proposed to acquire knowledge of expert-operation, excluding errors existed in examples and reinforce the accuracy of examples,the goal of knowledge acquisition can be achieved, the method presented in this paper solves the problem of self-enhancement of expert knowledge on line efficiently.     

Robust Adaptive Control Based on On-line Identification to Multi-parameters

In system controlled,Sampling these parameters and with parameters for controller in time, it is an object to adaptive control. The article presents a scheme that the structure parameters on it's model and model parameters is robust identified by on line, while to optimal of algorithm on adaptive control is fulfilled. In control scheme, method of intelligent identifying to the structure parameters(levels of model) and algorithm of robust pole placement are introduced also It is advancer for already mentioned scheme. Whole scheme presents new model on adaptive control.     

Comparison of three types of adhesives in attaching coral transplants to clam shell substrates

• 1. Nubbins from 12 coral species were transplanted onto dead giant clam shells at three sites in a lagoon near Bolinao, north‐western Philippines. Transplants were attached using three types of adhesives: cyanoacrylate glue (SG), epoxy putty (EP) and marine epoxy (ME) and were monitored over five months for detachment, in situ mortality and natural self‐attachment by tissue growth.
• 2. Corals attached with SG showed a significantly higher rate of detachment (logrank test) than those attached with either EP or ME (P<0.001 in each case). Also, those attached with EP showed a higher rate of detachment than corals attached with ME (logrank=6.46, P<0.05).
• 3. ANOVA (P>0.05) and survival analysis (logrank=2.85, P>0.05) showed no among‐adhesives differences in in situ mortality. Among the species used, Porites cylindrica, Pavona frondifera, Heliopora coerulea and Porites rus had the highest survivorship with 82%, 80%, 76% and 73%, respectively, of nubbins alive at the end of the experiment and also displayed the highest cumulative rates of self‐attachment. Species with the lowest survival rates included Acropora muricata and four pocilloporids.
• 4. Although there was no significant difference in the number of self‐attaching transplants among the adhesives, corals transplanted using ME and EP self‐attached earlier than those transplanted using SG (logrank=11.19, P<0.01).
• 5. Results from this study highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate means of attaching corals to substrates and carefully considering species‐specific traits of candidate corals for transplantation.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

S‐locus diversity and cross‐compatibility of wild Prunus avium for timber breeding

Prunus avium is primarily cultivated for its fruit, sweet cherries. However, it is also used to produce high‐quality timber. In a P. avium seed orchard, gametophytic self‐incompatibility is a restriction for free pollen flow and should be considered when establishing basic forest materials. In this study, S‐locus diversity and cross‐incompatibility of wild cherry individuals in clonal banks established for breeding for timber production were investigated. Wild cherry trees (140) with outstanding forest growth habit, collected in northern Spain, grafted and planted in two clonal banks, were genotyped at the S‐locus. The self‐incompatibility S‐locus genes, S‐RNase and SFB, were analysed by PCR. Twenty‐two S‐haplotypes, resulting in 72 different S‐genotypes, were identified. The genotypes were grouped into 33 incompatibility groups and 39 unique genotypes. This initial S‐locus analysis revealed large genetic diversity of wild cherry trees from the Spanish northern deciduous forest, and provides useful information for seed orchard design. Wild P. avium displays significantly more genetic diversity than what is detected in local cultivars, revealing a narrowing of genetic diversity during local domestication.     

红肉火龙果新品种‘金都1号’

 ‘金都1号’火龙果是从中南美洲火龙果原种（Hylocereus costaricensis）与红肉种（H. polyrhizus）的杂交后代中选育出的新品种。果实短椭圆形,平均单果质量572.5 g,果肉深紫红色,可溶性固形物含量21.2%,可食率78.8%,味清甜,有玫瑰香味,品质优。生长健壮,易成花,自花亲和性好,丰产稳产性好,不易裂果,适宜在广西桂南及华南气候相似地区种植。     

多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机的有限元分析

针对大规模香蕉种植基地香蕉收割机具的研发比较缺乏,研制了一种多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机。该机可收割各型株高的香蕉,具有自锁、多自由度动作及小型运输等特点。通过分析该机的工作原理,对其关键零部件建立有限元模型,进行基于ANSYS的有限元分析。结果表明:收割机关键零部件的刚度和强度满足工作要求。自锁式多自由度香蕉收割机的研制可为其他类似农作物收割机具的研制提供参考。     

弹簧预紧力可调式振动深松机设计与试验

为了减小深松机的耕作阻力和拖拉机的动力消耗,增强深松机对不同类型土壤的适用性,设计了弹簧预紧力可调式自激振动深松机。在机具工作过程中,通过自激振动单元的振动作用,可有效减小深松机的牵引阻力;通过弹簧预紧力调节机构可改变弹簧的预紧力,以适应不同物理特性的土壤,获得理想的深松效果。田间试验表明在保证耕深的前提下,合适的弹簧预紧力可有效减小机具的耕作阻力。为了测试该深松机的减阻性能,设计了2.5、3.2、4.0km/h 3种作业速度和250、300、350mm 3种深松深度,进行了两因素三水平的全因素试验,试验结果表明：在不同作业速度与深松深度下,与非振动深松机相比,该深松机均能有效减小牵引阻力,减阻比为10.30%~22.65%;对不同作业速度和深松深度下的振动深松牵引阻力和非振动牵引阻力进行了方差分析。结果表明作业速度、耕作深度和机具类型对深公机工作阻力均有显著性影响,在不同作业速度下,由于自激振动单元的减阻作用,随着耕作深度的增加,振动深松牵引阻力增加速度小于非振动深松。