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1.
Catherine Bradley Suresh Andrew Sethi Joshua Ashline Jonathon Gerken 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):695-706
In this study, we examined summer and fall freshwater rearing habitat use by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the quickly urbanising Big Lake drainage in south‐central Alaska. Habitat use was assessed by regressing fish count data against habitat survey information across thirty study sites using generalised linear mixed models. Habitat associations were examined by age‐0 and age‐1+ cohorts separately, providing an opportunity to compare habitat use across different juvenile coho salmon life stages during freshwater rearing. Regression results indicated that the age‐0 cohorts were strongly associated with shallow, wide stream reaches with in‐stream vegetation, whereas age‐1+ cohorts were associated with deeper stream reaches. Furthermore, associations between fork length and habitat characteristics suggest cohort‐specific habitat use patterns are distinct from those attributable to fish size. Habitat use information generated from this study is being used to guide optimal fish passage restoration planning in the Big Lake drainage. Evidence for habitat use partitioning by age cohort during freshwater juvenile rearing indicates that pooling age cohorts into a single “juvenile” stage for the purposes of watershed management may mask important habitat use dynamics. 相似文献
2.
三种草坪草净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化特点研究 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
研究了在晴天的条件下,假俭草、细叶结缕草和地毯草净光合速率和蒸腾整编的日变化特点。结果表明:(1)假俭草和细叶绍缕草的净光合速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为三峰型,3种草出现峰值的时间不同,均有明显的“午睡”现象,日平均净光全速率的大小顺序为俭草>地毯草>细叶结缕草;(2)假俭草和细叶结缕草的蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为单峰型,3种草出现峰值的时间有所判差别,“午睡”现象均不明显,日平均蒸腾速率的大小顺序为细叶绍缕草>地毯草>假俭草;(3)不同生态因子与3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度均不相等。同种态因子与不同草坪草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度也不一样。 相似文献
3.
G. Power 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1992,1(1):12-25
Abstract– Juvenile chinook salmon in the Waitaki River, New Zealand and demonstration channels, living at about 16°C, increased in length by 0.32 mm day−1 between 4 November and 4 March. They gained weight quickly, accumulated large visceral fat deposits and had high conditions factors. At 1600 h, stomachs averaged half full. The number of prey tended to decline as the fish grew and consumed larger items. Initially the diet was based mainly on chironomid larvae, but by December it included a diversity of prey in more equal proportions. These included Deleatidium in the Waitaki; amphipods in the demonstration channels; various trichopterans, hemipterans, elmid beetles, zooplankton. terrestrial dipterans and a variety of other prey. There were significant differences between sites in numbers of prey consumed and these probably reflected differences in the benthos. Diets in the Waitaki differ from those in the Rakaia River and the food of juvenile salmon appears closely linked to the availability of a diverse range of possible prey. 相似文献
4.
西藏山南地区草地资源及其合理利用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
由于对西藏山南地区草原状况缺乏全面认识,未能合理利用,出现了草原退化等一系列问题。为了合理开发利用草地资源,通过调查提出:调整畜群结构,推行草场有偿承包责任制,开展季节性畜牧业,建立草地农业生态系统等建议。 相似文献
5.
税世荣 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(1)
荒漠水源奇缺,常有干渴威协。骆驼长期在这种自然选择下,造就出一种十分惊人的耐干渴能力,十日不饮可照常供使役,30~40日内缺水不致有生命危险。据研究认为,骆驼高度耐渴的机理主要在于:一次能饮入60~80升甚至更多的水;能饮用含盐量相当高的水;血液和体液中保存水的能力很强;能节约散热、呼吸、排尿、排粪过程中的水份消耗;有较高排泄浓缩尿的能力;可有效利用体内的代谢水;即使高度失水(达体重的30%)也能短期耐受过去。正因其耐渴能力强,所以才使人类开发利用荒漠成为可能;使大面积缺水草埸和其它家畜所不能利用的灌木类植物得到合理利用;还能在缺水条件下持续分泌稀薄的低脂肪驼乳,为沙漠旅行者提供上等饮料。 相似文献
6.
Genetic diversity estimates in Cicer using AFLP analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic variation among cultivated chickpea and wild Cicer relatives. In total, 214 marker loci were assessed, of which 211 were polymorphic (98.6%) across the 95 accessions that represented 17 species of Cicer. The genetic variation within a species was highest in C. pinnatifidum followed by C. reticulatum and lowest in C. macracanthum. Three main species groups were identified by UPGMA clustering using Nei's pair‐wise distance calculations. Group I included the cultivated species C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. Within this group, C. reticulatum accessions were clustered closest to the C. arietinum cultivars ‘Lasseter’, ‘Kaniva’ and ‘Bumper’, supporting the hypothesis that C. reticulatum is the most probable progenitor of the cultivated species. Cicer bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum were clustered together creating group II. Group III contained all nine perennial species assessed and two annual species C. yamashitae and C. cuneatum. The genetic distance detected between group I and group III (0.13) was equivalent to the genetic distance detected between group I and group II (the primary and annual tertiary species, respectively; 0.14). This indicated that the perennial tertiary species may be as valuable for increasing variation to incorporate novel germplasm in the cultigen as the annual tertiary species. 相似文献
7.
本文描述了甘肃省天祝县永丰草地的主要草地类型、生产能力及利用模式。研究工作显示,草地改良措施,对不同植被的生物量分布,将产生显著的效果。灌溉和施肥,将促进河谷草甸的地下生物量向地上生物量的转化过程。灌溉可使河谷草甸中禾草组分的增加超过50%,使产草量增加50%~100%。上年秋天和当年春天土壤的含水量,是全年产草量的决定因素,其对产草量的重要性超过全年平均降水量的影响。除了植被组分、产草量的变化外,河谷草地在可消化粗蛋白、可消化能、代谢能等方面也有重大变化,9月份与4月份相比,这三项指标分别高出376%、86%和86%。不同年龄组的绵羊饲料消耗显示,7岁羊的饲料消耗是10月龄羊的17倍;但是7岁羊的胴体重量仅是10月龄羊的2倍。根据永丰滩草地、饲草、家畜的这些特点,当地的畜牧业,不应当在毫无经济意义的情况下,保持太多的牲畜头数,优化畜产品生产的最好方法,就是实行季节畜牧业。季节畜牧业(其中繁殖母羊数达67%)与其他草地改良措施相结合,将使该地区单位面积上的绵羊的产肉量提高4.9倍。 相似文献
8.
9.
Variation was investigated in 110 doubled haploid (DH) lines of wheat derived from wheat × maize crosses. Field observation revealed visible variations in 15 DH2 lines such as extreme dwarfism, low seed fertility, alteration of spike type and stripes. Six agronomic traits, i.e., heading date, spike number/ plant, culm length, spike length, seed fertility and grain weight were statistically analyzed in the DH2 and DH3 generations. Out of the 88 DH2 lines/DH3 groups, 26 %/64 % showed significant differences from the parental variety in the means of one or more traits. Ranges of the DH3 lines were larger than those of the DH2 lines, except for spike number/plant. Furthermore, analyses of variance within and between DH lines showed the presence of heterogeneity/heterozygosity in the DH2 lines/plants. These results indicated the occurrence of gametoclonal variation in the DH lines. It is considered that most of the variations detected were due to the colchicine treatment rather than to the 2,4-D treatment or in vitro culture. 相似文献
10.
帽儿山地区21年生长白落叶松种源试验 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
对在黑龙江省的东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场21年生长白落叶松种源试验林进行方差分析。结果表明,种源间差异显著;生长性状,抗性与各种源间的经度,纬度,海拔高度及气候因子相关分析结果表明,海拔垂直梯度渐变为主,纬向渐变为辅的连续变异是长白落叶松生长性状的基本变异模式,降水量和日照时数是影响长白落叶松生长的主要气候因子,用长白落叶松各种源的相关性状作聚类分析并参照地理气象因子在,遗传距离0.370的水平上将长白落叶松分布范围区10个参试种源划为6个种源区:Ⅰ小北湖种源区。Ⅱ白刀山种源区,Ⅲ完达山种源区,Ⅳ白河种源区,Ⅴ大石头种源区,Ⅵ桓仁种源区;用Duncan法对种源间进行多重比较,并用综合指数法进行选择,表明小北湖种源是长白落叶松优良基因资源中心,是该试验点最佳种源,大海林种源也是可选择种源;从长白落叶松的低等效纬度地区向高等效纬度地区调种,可望获得较大的遗传增益。 相似文献