The value of sea urchin,Lytechinus variegatus,egesta consumed by shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Sea urchins produce high‐energy, membrane‐bound fecal pellets that contain residual nutrients and large quantities of microbiota. These egesta are readily consumed by the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Egesta of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, were evaluated as a feed supplement or total replacement for a commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp were stocked at 0.49 g ± 0.06 g initial body weight and housed individually in 2.8‐L tanks in a commercial recirculating zebrafish system. Shrimp were assigned to one of six diets: commercial shrimp feed, reference sea urchin feed, collected dried sea urchin egesta, collected wet sea urchin egesta, half ration of shrimp feed and half collected wet sea urchin egesta, and egesta naturally produced by two sea urchins in polyculture. Equivalent dry matter amounts of each diet were proffered to shrimp in each treatment twice daily, except for those that had complete access to natural egesta excreted by sea urchins in polyculture. Sea urchins were proffered a reference sea urchin feed at 2% body weight daily. After 27 days, shrimp proffered collected dried or wet egesta did not differ significantly in percent weight gain and showed the lowest weight gain. The percent weight gain of shrimp fed the commercial shrimp diet did not differ significantly from that of the shrimp fed half commercial shrimp diet and half egesta. The highest weight gain was recorded for those shrimp that consumed the untouched egesta produced by sea urchins in polyculture. These data suggest that consumed egesta have noteworthy nutritional value and therefore would be beneficial to the culture of extractive species in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system.     

黄瓜病虫害绿色防控技术及示范成效

黄瓜病虫害种类多、危害大,传统用药方式严重影响产品质量和口感。为了保证直供上海的黄瓜达到无公害要求,对生产基地采取农业防治、生态控制、生物防治和物理防治相结合的绿色防控措施,化学农药使用量减少30%,综合防治效果在85%以上,有效减少了防治次数,降低了农产品的农药残留,667 m~2增产600 kg,增值600元左右。收到了较好的经济、生态及社会效益。     

不同栽培密度对秋大棚黄瓜生育期及产量的影响

试验以黄瓜为材料,采用随机区组设计,研究了不同栽培密度对秋大棚黄瓜生育期及产量的影响。结果表明,当栽培密度为4000株/667m2时,产量和产值都达到最高。     

叶面喷施丰产素在黄瓜上的应用效果

本试验在黄瓜上叶面喷施丰州牌丰产素，其浓度分别为２０００倍、４０００倍和６０００倍。试验结果表明，３种浓度对黄瓜的生长势都有增强的作用，并对早期产量有较大的提高。其中２０００倍液对早期产量的增产幅度最大，比对照提高４２．８１％。并且对黄瓜的营养成份有不同程度的影响，其中６０００倍液对维生素ｃ和含糖量都有较大的提高，因此，对黄瓜品质的改进有较好的效果。     

Pelargonium flower-break and pelargonium line pattern viruses in the Netherlands; purification,antiserum preparation,serological identification,and detection in pelargonium by ELISA

Two viruses, detected frequently in the Netherlands in pelargonium, were identified by serology and test plant reactions. Antisera were prepared and an ELISA procedure was developed to detect the viruses in pelargonium.One of the viruses, PFBV-N, proved to be pelargonium flower-break virus. With the antiserum to PFBV-N, it could be detected reliably throughout the year inPelargonium zonale Springtime Irene.The other virus, PLPV-N, was serologically closely related to pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV) and to pelargonium ring pattern virus (PRPV), as were an old virus isolate from Saturnus, collected in the Netherlands in 1971 (L128), and PLPV isolates from Yugoslavia (PLPV-Y) and Denmark (PLPV-D). There were only minor differences in host-plant reactions between the virus isolates. Based on these tests, PLPV and PRPV are considered as isolates of the same virus, for which, for practical reasons, the name pelargonium line pattern virus is proposed.PLPV could be reliably detected by ELISA inP. zonale Springtime Irene and Amanda throughout the year with only a few exceptions. InPelargonium peltatum Tavira, however, reslts were erratic due to uneven distribution of virus in the plant. Best results were obtained when petioles of fully expanded leaves were tested.     

几种化学物质诱导黄瓜对霜霉病的抗性

在黄瓜幼苗子叶期及第1真叶期用苯酚、水杨酸、无水对氨基苯磺酸和氯化钾进行诱导接种,可使黄瓜植株产生对霜霉病的抗病性。在自然病原激发病害的试验中,经上述4种化学物质诱导的植株,其病株率比CK分别降低30％、0％、20％和20％;病叶率发别降低20.61％、6.80％、31.62％和20.72％;相对免疫效果分别为21.73％、35.19％、59.61％和40.84％。在人工接种病原激发病害试验中,经上述4种化学物质诱导的植株,其病株率分别降低28.57％、42.86％、57.14％和28.57％;病叶率分别降低89.13％、63.13％、72.96％和82.75％;相对免疫效果分别为91.15％、33.33％、55.99％和52.81％。     

草酸青霉菌果胶酶诱导黄瓜抗黑星病研究

 本文就草酸青霉菌(Penicillium oxalicum)的固态发酵提取产物--果胶酶粗酶液诱导黄瓜对黑星病(Cladosporium cucumerinum)的抗性进行了研究。以果胶酶粗酶液喷雾处理4个感黑星病黄瓜品种的黄化苗,48 h后挑战接种黑星病菌孢子悬液,其中"中农5号"黄瓜品种表现的诱导抗病效果最好,诱抗效果达62.51%。不同浓度果胶酶诱导处理黄瓜,发现果胶酶浓度在20 U/mL时,可导致黄瓜发病略高于对照;在40~200 U/mL浓度范围内,诱导效果较为明显。通过研究果胶酶诱导抗病的时效性,表明诱导处理前接种病菌或诱导处理后0、6 h接种的各处理病情指数与对照间没有差别,而诱导处理12~72 h后接种病菌的,果胶酶的诱导抗病效果均很明显,诱抗效果达29.64%~60.02%。实验还表明,随着挑战接种压力的增大,果胶酶的诱导抗病效果降低。果胶酶不能抑制黑星病菌孢子萌发,相反可以促进孢子萌发和芽管生长。     

提取剂对大蒜鳞茎提取液抑制黄瓜枯萎病的效应

为反映提取剂类型对大蒜鳞茎提取液抑菌能力的影响,用水、乙醇,丙三醇作为大蒜鳞茎杀菌物质的提取剂,采用孢子萌发法对黄瓜镰刀菌枯萎病菌孢子抑杀.研究结果表明,3种提取溶剂制成的大蒜鳞茎提取液对枯萎病菌孢子抑制的EC50值分别为0.2884%、0.2818%和0.2454%,较低的提取液浓度达到了较好的抑菌效果.水、乙醇、丙三醇都可以作为大蒜鳞茎的提取剂,3种提取溶剂的大蒜鳞茎提取液毒力相当,孢子抑制萌发率随着大蒜鳞茎提取液浓度增加而升高.     

国土空间详细规划现状底图底数转换方法研究

统一底图底数是编制各类空间规划的重要前提和基础,第三次国土调查数据作为当前权威性最高、现势性最强的国土空间利用现状数据,所采用的工作分类与国土空间规划采用的用地用海分类存在较大差异。本文通过对工作分类和用地用海分类进行衔接分析,提出了基于第三次国土调查数据的国土空间详细规划现状底图底数转换的总体技术思路、关键技术方法。