Growth,Meat Yield,and Economic Responses of Broilers Provided Three- and Four-Phase Schedules Formulated to Moderate and High Nutrient Density During a Fifty-Six-Day Production Period

This study examined growth responses and meat yield of broilers provided a 3- or 4-phase feeding schedule formulated to moderate or high nutrient density. Four dietary treatments were implemented consisting of high or moderate nutrient density diets that were provided for the duration of 3 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, and 36 to 56 d) or 4 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d).Provision of a 3-phase schedule did not alter growth performance, meat yield, or diet cost per final BW. Broilers receiving high nutrient diets had improved growth rate and feed conversion from 1 to 35 d. In the 3-phase schedule, birds given the high nutrient density diets had advantages in BW gain and pectoralis minor breast weight. Market changes in meat prices impact differences in gross feeding margins between diets formulated to high or moderate nutrient density more than variation in diet cost.     

Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

A Study on the FMS Planning and Scheduling System

After researching the function requirements of the planning and scheduling in manufacturing cells, the paper advanced a control structure with three phases, i. e. planning , scheduling and dispatching. The paper represented in detail the main purposes, requirements and scheduling actions in each phase. It suits to general machining FMSs.     

Real-time Performance of Linux System

The standard Linux is a typical time-sharing system, it has a poor real-time performance. But according to the applications of the Linux OS are expanding on real-time domain, it becomes necessary to enhance the performance of the Linux system. This paper analyses the schedule policies and schedule algorithms of the Linux kernel, and discusses several different kinds of methods about enhancing real-time performance of the Linux system from the total Linux system. They authors summarizes the current research's developments of the Linux system.     

工程车辆自动变速控制系统仿真与试验

对液力机械传动工程车辆遇到高强度载荷效率下降的问题进行了研究，推导了新的换挡规律。按照预先设定的经济型换挡规律，利用推导出的不同挡位下换挡点的通用公式，可将变矩器的效率限定在某一理想范围内。获取对换挡离合器执行机构的控制来达到对离合器油压的控制目的，仿真结果表明其跟踪效果良好。通过台架试验，取得了满意的效果。     

井渠结合灌溉类型区多水源联网优化调度模式研究

针对丘陵地区灌溉水源分散、灌溉保证率低、农业缺水严重、生态环境恶化等突出问题,将多水源联网工程技术与优化调度技术相结合,建立了井渠结合灌区多水源联网优化调度模型,大大提高了灌区水资源的利用效率和灌溉保证率。采用该技术及其他节水措施后,威海井渠结合节水示范区全部耕地可得到灌溉,灌溉后的粮食产量由原来的9000 kg/hm2提高到11550 kg/hm2,示范区平均增产25%。经济、社会与环境效益显著。     

Integrated management of irrigation water and fertilizers for wheat crop using field experiments and simulation modeling

The reported study aimed at developing an integrated management strategy for irrigation water and fertilizers in case of wheat crop in a sub-tropical sub-humid region. Field experiments were conducted on wheat crop (cultivar Sonalika) during the years 2002–2003, 2003–2004 and 2004–2005. Each experiment included four fertilizer treatments and three irrigation treatments during the wheat growth period. During the experiment, the irrigation treatments considered were I₁ = 10% maximum allowable depletion (MAD) of available soil water (ASW); I₂ = 40% MAD of ASW; I₃ = 60% MAD of ASW. The fertilizer treatments considered in the experiments were F₁ = control treatment with N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 0:0:0 kg ha⁻¹, F₂ = fertilizer application of N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 80:40:40 kg ha⁻¹; F₃ = fertilizer application of N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 120:60:60 kg ha⁻¹ and F₄ = fertilizer application of N:P₂O₅:K₂O as 160:80:80 kg ha⁻¹. In this study CERES-wheat crop growth model of the DSSAT v4.0 was used to simulate the growth, development and yield of wheat crop using soil, daily weather and management inputs, to aid farmers and decision makers in developing strategies for effective management of inputs. The results of the investigation revealed that magnitudes of grain yield, straw yield and maximum LAI of wheat crop were higher in low volume high frequency irrigation (I₁) than the high volume low frequency irrigation (I₃). The grain yield, straw yield and maximum LAI increased with increase in fertilization rate for the wheat crop. The results also revealed that increase in level of fertilization increased water use efficiency (WUE) considerably. However, WUE of the I₂ irrigation schedule was comparatively higher than the I₁ and I₃ irrigation schedules due to higher grain yield per unit use of water. Therefore, irrigation schedule with 40% maximum allowable depletion of available soil water (I₂) could safely be maintained during the non-critical stages to save water without sacrificing the crop yield. Increase in level of fertilization increases the WUE but it will cause environmental problem beyond certain limit. The calibrated CERES-wheat model could predict the grain yield, straw yield and maximum LAI of wheat crop with considerable accuracy and therefore can be recommended for decision-making in similar regions.     

宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄耗水规律及灌溉制度优化研究

以宁夏贺兰山东麓大田滴灌酿酒葡萄为研究对象,分析不同灌水处理条件下土壤含水率、耗水规律、品质、产量及水分生产效率的变化,基于多因素提出优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度。主要结论有:不同生育期土壤含水率随土层深度呈下降趋势,生育期内果实膨大期土壤含水率最高。阶段耗水量呈现开花期、初果期小,萌芽期、果实膨大期、着色成熟期大的"下开口抛物线"分布,果实膨大期为耗水高峰期,日均耗水量2.26~4.48 mm/d。3 600 m3/hm~2时滴灌酿酒葡萄的可溶性固形物、总酸等含量较优,品质较好,产量、水分生产效率最高。(4)推荐优化酿酒葡萄滴灌灌溉制度为:灌溉定额3 600 m3/hm~2,灌水次数13次,其中萌芽期3次,开花期1次,初果期2次,果实膨大期4次,着色成熟期3次。     

葡萄微灌节水技术研究综述

随着中国水资源供需矛盾的日益尖锐和水资源环境日趋严峻,水资源危机已成为影响经济发展的核心问题之一。微灌作为节水效果最好的灌溉技术之一受到社会关注。在分析和研究了葡萄采用微灌节水技术的大量国内外有关文献的基础上,针对葡萄的生理性状、需水规律、耗水特征及灌溉制度等,对微灌技术在葡萄园中应用的研究现状和进展进行了归纳总结,进...     

灌水对冬小麦耗水量和产量影响的试验研究

2006年10月~2008年5月在山西省运城灌溉试验站进行了两年的冬小麦需水量和灌溉制度试验研究。结果表明,冬小麦的耗水规律为播种~越冬阶段0.48~1.11 mm/d;越冬~返青阶段0.14~1.07 mm/d;返青~拔节阶段0.69~2.10 mm/d;拔节~抽穗阶段2.02~4.27 mm/d;抽穗~灌浆阶段达到最大值3.57~8.62 mm/d;灌浆~收获阶段1.63~3.85 mm/d。冬小麦耗水量与产量呈抛物线关系,为了取得高产和较高的水分利用率,全生育期的耗水量应在380~440 mm之间。在当地气候、土壤及栽培模式下,冬小麦的灌溉制度为全生育期灌水3次,灌水定额60~80 mm,灌溉定额180~240 mm。