龙井市农村经济灰色关联度分析

利用灰色系统理论中灰色关联度分析的方法，龙井市近几年来农村经济分3个层次进行了系统、全面的分析。     

Fractal dimension estimates of a fragmented landscape: sources of variability

Although often seen as a scale-independent measure, we show that the fractal dimension of the forest cover of the Cazaville Region changes with spatial scale. Sources of variability in the estimation of fractal dimensions are multiple. First, the measured phenomenon does not always show the properties of a pure fractal for all scales, but rather exhibits local self-similarity within certain scale ranges. Moreover, some sampling components such as area of sampling unit, the use of a transect in the estimation of the variability of a plane, the location, and the orientation of a transect all affect, to different degrees, the estimation of the fractal dimension. This paper assesses the relative importance of these components in the estimation of the fractal dimension of the spatial distribution of woodlots in a fragmented landscape. Results show that different sources of variability should be considered when comparing fractal dimensions from different studies or regions.     

Effects of changing spatial scale on acoustic observations of patchiness in the Gulf Stream

We examine the influence of spatial scale on studies of nektonic patchiness at the north edge of the Gulf Stream by altering the grain size of acoustic cross sections and applying a patch-finding algorithm. From original pictures of 180 pixels deep by 540–1260 pixels long, we averaged depth and length, to give 9 scales ranging from fine grain (1 m vertical × 25 m horizontal sized pixels) to coarse grain (12 m × 300 m sized pixels). Measures of overall echo intensity within patches were the most predictable and showed little change with scale. Measures of variability of the echo within patches showed simple negative trends with scale and were best measured at fine spatial scales. Patch size and shape related variables have a more complex relationship with scale with differences between day and night transects more pronounced at intermediate scales. This suggests behavioral patch forming mechanisms within the nekton occur at a specific grain size (4 m vertical × 100 m horizontal) within the Gulf Stream front.     

Spatio-temporal modelling of broad scale heterogeneity in soil moisture content: a basis for an ecologically meaningful classification of soil landscapes

We describe the classification of landscapes characterised bymineral soil using a model that calculates soil moisture availability on amonthly basis. Scotland is used as a case study area. The model uses potentialsoil moisture deficit, estimated using broad scale (40 × 40 km)climate patterns, in conjunction with meteorological station measurements toobtain finer scale values of climatic soil moisture deficit. Point estimates ofsoil available water are obtained for soil characteristics using appropriatepedotransfer functions, and geostatistical techniques are used to upscale theresults and interpolate to a 1-km grid. Known heterogeneityin soil physical characteristics is used to provide local corrections to thepotential soil moisture deficit, estimated using the climatic variables above.Temporal profiles of monthly water content are modelled for each1-km location and classified into six classes usingunsupervised cluster analysis. The spatial distribution of these classesreflects regional variations in the availability of moisture and energy, onwhich finer-grained topographic patterns are superimposed. In the case study,the broad scale spatial heterogeneity of heathlands and grasslands on mineralsoils in Scotland is shown to be strongly related to the soil moistureclassification. The results can be used in studies investigating the patternsofdistribution of communities at the landscape and regional scale.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

草鱼鳞酶解物的制备及其促嗜热链球菌生长作用

为提高水产品综合利用率和开发新型益生菌功能性食品,以鱼类加工副产物草鱼鳞为研究对象,利用风味蛋白酶对其进行酶解,并以酶解物促嗜热链球菌增殖作用为评价指标,结合单因素试验与响应面Box-Benhnken中心组合试验优化酶解工艺,得到最优酶解条件：酶解时间3.8 h,料液比（w/v） 1∶3.2 g/mL,加酶量6.2%。在此条件下,嗜热链球菌增殖量ΔOD₆₀₀=1.173 4 ±0.015 0。同时,将最优酶解条件下得到的酶解物进行膜过滤分离,得到分子量<1 ku、1~<3 ku、3~<5 ku、5~<10 ku、≥10 ku的5个组分,并进一步就各组分对嗜热链球菌的生长曲线和产酸能力的影响进行研究。结果表明,在嗜热链球菌24 h的生长曲线中,分子量<1 ku的组分促嗜热链球菌生产和产酸效果最好：嗜热链球菌增殖量ΔOD₆₀₀为1.050,培养基的pH比初始值降低了1.06。     

近43年黄河上游来水来沙变化特点

选取黄河头道拐站实测水沙序列(1960-2002年)资料,对水沙序列进行了多时间尺度和趋势识别的小波分析。结果表明:①黄河上游来水来沙量汛期所占比例减少,而非汛期所占比例增加;在年际变化上,水沙量逐年减少;同时,水沙相关关系具有一定的变化;②黄河上游水沙序列具有相同的多时间尺度(准周期)变化,但同一尺度下,水沙所处的丰枯变化并不一致;③年水沙序列趋势变化基本一致,20世纪80年代以来,两者存在明显减少趋势;但在非汛期,两者的趋势变化有较大区别。     

区域尺度分布式水文模拟的时空分辨率

基于数据实验,就区域尺度分布式水文模拟中时空分辨率匹配问题进行讨论,就分布式水文建模中时空分辨率匹配问题提出建议。结果表明:低分辨率高程数据在区域水文要素空间离散过程中,导致边界错位、高程趋于集中、坡度变缓、河网稀疏失真等不良后果,在区域水文模拟研究中,应根据不同时间尺度对应的科学计算需求,选择适宜的空间分辨率数据进行模型平台构建。     

黄土高原西部人工灌木林土壤水分分布规律

利用便携式中子水分测定仪,对黄土高原西部丘陵区不同立地条件、不同灌木类型覆盖下土壤水分含量进行观测研究,同时对人工灌木林土壤水分分布规律进行了初步的探讨。结果表明：阴坡土壤水分储量最高,其次为半阴坡和半阳坡,阳坡最低,坡向因子与土壤水分储量呈显著正相关,坡位因子与土壤水分储量相关性不显著。柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、半日花(Helianthemum songaricum)耗水量较大,沙木蓼(Atraphaxis bracteata）、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)等耗水量居中,荒漠锦鸡儿(Caragana roborovskyi)、甘蒙锦鸡儿(Caragana opulens)、枸杞(Lycium chinense)耗水量较低,在植被恢复过程中,应根据物种抗旱性的不同在不同坡向进行合理的配置。从单株植物对土壤水分水平分布的影响看,随着离树干距离的加大,土壤水分含量越高,但在不同的土层深度土壤水分水平分布特征有差异。     

猪粪沼液培养微藻系统中试试验

为实现猪粪沼液资源化的大规模应用,该研究以小球藻（Chlorella E2E）为试验藻种,开展了中试规模的\     

不同作物类型下蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法对比

该文的目的是评价由瞬时潜热通量经过时间尺度扩展方法计算日蒸散发量的可靠性。为此,采用蒸发比法、改进的蒸发比法、正弦关系法及作物系数法等4种常用的蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法,针对位于华北平原的高营站和位于东北平原的通榆站的5种典型下垫面类型,分别对瞬时潜热通量进行时间尺度扩展,估算日蒸散发量,并与通量站采用涡度相关系统观测的日蒸散发量进行对比。结果表明,尽管4种方法在总体上具有一致性,但改进的蒸发比法的模拟精度最高（相对均方根误差20%左右）,更适合于估算中国北方典型农田的日蒸散发量。然而,4种方法均存在系统误差,从而导致采用上午时段瞬时通量估算的日蒸散发量系统偏小,而采用下午时段估算的日蒸散发量系统偏大。