莫能菌素浓度对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

本试验研究了莫能菌素对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响 ,以期确定莫能菌素在瘤胃内容物中的适宜添加浓度。混合瘤胃微生物由饲喂花生秧基础日粮的阉公牛瘤胃内容物和瘤胃液制备 ,用简易人工瘤胃装置测定莫能菌素浓度对产气量、瘤胃乙丙酸比例、粗纤维降解率和真蛋白产量的影响。结果表明 ,莫能菌素浓度强烈地抑制产气量 ,两者呈线性负相关(P<0.05);粗纤维降解率开始时随莫能菌素浓度的升高而增加 ,在浓度为0.078mg/L时达到最大值 ,两者呈二次幂函数关系 ;添加莫能菌素降低了瘤胃乙丙酸比例 ,但瘤胃乙丙酸比例随莫能菌素浓度的提高有逐渐增加的趋势 ;在莫能菌素浓度为0.1～2.0mg/L的范围内 ,添加莫能菌素对蛋白质的产量没有明显影响     

Effects of cyclodextrin-iodopropane complex on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility and blood metabolites in steers

The effects when adding cyclodextrin‐iodopropane complex (CD‐IP) to a diet, on ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility, blood metabolites and methane production, were evaluated using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture at a ratio 1.5:1, and CD‐IP (1% of dry matter) was given twice daily by mixing with concentrate mixture. Rumen and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 5 h after morning dosing. Ruminal pH and numbers of protozoa were unaffected by CD‐IP treatment. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate was decreased (P < 0.05), and propionate was increased (P < 0.01) at 2 h after CD‐IP dosing. Proportion of butyrate was increased (P < 0.05) and ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Adding CD‐IP had no effect on the feed intake and digestion of nutrients. Plasma glucose was increased and urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Methane production was decreased (P < 0.05) by approximately 18% in the treatment steers. Numbers of methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05), while total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing and acetogenic bacteria were unaffected. The present results are the first to show that CD‐IP can partially inhibit in vivo ruminal methanogenesis without adverse effects on digestion of nutrients.     

Feeding fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with either barley straw or pasture silage to non-lactating dairy cows

AIMS: To determine the suitability of diets containing either approximately 85% fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with barley straw or 65% fodder beet with pasture silage when fed to non-lactating dairy cows, by measuring intakes, digestibility, rumen function including microbial growth, and N excretion.

METHODS: Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulae were fed either 65% fodder beet with pasture silage (Silage; n=8) or 85% fodder beet with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw (Straw; n=8) in an indoor facility over a 9-day period, for measurement of intakes, digestibility, rumen function and urine production. The cows were adapted to the diets over 2 weeks before the indoor measurements. Feed was available for about 6 hours/day, as practiced commercially for wintering non-lactating cows.

RESULTS: Five cows fed the Straw diet had to be removed from the trial because of acute acidosis; four on Day 1 of the measurement period and one on Day 7. One cow allocated to the Silage diet refused to eat fodder beet bulbs and was also removed from the trial. Two cows fed the Silage diet were also treated for acidosis. DM intakes were lower with the Straw than Silage diets (6.4 (SE 0.4) vs. 8.3 (SE 0.5) kg/day) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was lower with the Straw than Silage diets (77 (SE 1) vs. 83 (SE 1) g/100g). The N content of the two diets was 1.14 and 1.75?g/100?g DM and there was a net loss of N by cows fed the Straw diet (?22.7 (SE 7) g/day). Rumen microbial N production was much lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (6.6 (SE 1.3) vs. 15.8 (SE 0.7) g microbial N/kg digestible OM intake). Concentrations of ammonia in rumen liquid collected on Days 5–6 were below detection limits (<0.1?mmol/L) in 36/48 (75%) samples collected from cows fed the Straw diet and in 27/48 (56%) cows fed the Silage diet. Mean urinary N excretion was lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (52.0 (SE 5.8) vs. 87.7 (SE 5.9) g/day).

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVENCE: An over-wintering diet for dry cows comprising about 65% fodder beet with 35% pasture silage provided adequate nutrition, although there was some risk of acidosis. In contrast, the diet containing about 85% fodder beet with barley straw resulted in lower DM intakes, poor rumen function, negative N balance so that both nutrition and welfare were compromised.     

饲粮添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能与瘤胃发酵的影响

【目的】研究饲粮中添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵的影响,为酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌在肉羊饲粮中的合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】试验选用48只4月龄、体重相近(22.96±2.00)kg、健康的杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交F₁代公羔,根据饲喂添加剂不同随机分为4组:D(对照组,两种菌均不添加);D1(酿酒酵母,6×10¹⁰ CFU/kg);D2(地衣芽孢杆菌,2×10¹⁰ CFU/kg);D3(酿酒酵母6×10¹⁰ CFU/kg+地衣芽孢杆菌2×10¹⁰ CFU/kg),每组12只羊,试验期共75 d,前15 d为适应期,正饲期60d。试验羊每天分别于08:00和18:00进行饲喂,自由采食和饮水。正饲期内每天准确称量记录每只试验羊的喂料量和剩料量,并在第1、30、60天晨饲前对试验羊进行称重,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重(ADG)及料重比(F/G)。试验结束当天08:00正常饲喂试验羊,3 h后采集瘤胃液,测定发酵参数、消化酶活性以及功能微生物。【结果】1)饲粮中添加酿...     

稻草补饲苜蓿对山羊瘤胃发酵的组合效应

将9只体况良好、体质量相近(41.3±1.2) kg、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成都麻羊半同胞羯羊, 随机分成3组, 饲以稻草基础日粮, 分别补饲苜蓿(Medicago sativa, MSL)25%(MSL25)、50%(MSL50)与75%(MSL75), 进行瘤胃内环境的测定及发酵指标的组合效应研究。结果显示, 3组不同苜蓿补饲水平混合粗饲料的瘤胃液相pH在6.53～6.93, NH3-N浓度在9.42～43.27 mg·dL-1, 总挥发性脂肪酸浓度在69.45～107.28 mmol·L-1, 菌体蛋白浓度在73.56～132.23 mg·dL-1, NH3-N浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度与菌体蛋白浓度均随苜蓿补饲水平的增加呈非线性增加。以MSL25作参照的瘤胃发酵指标的多项指标组合效应指数(MFAEI), MSL75的为1.21, 仅为MSL50组1.03的1.17倍。表明当山羊稻草基础日粮苜蓿补饲水平超过50%时, 提高稻草纤维物质利用率的组合效应增加不明显。     

女贞子提取物对绵羊瘤胃日粮养分48 h降解率的影响

选用安装瘤胃瘘管的绵羊4只,分别饲喂含0、100、300和500mg.kg-1女贞子提取物的饲粮,通过4×4拉丁方实验设计,系统研究了饲喂女贞子提取物对DM、CP、ADF和NDF降解率的影响。结果表明,培养48h后,饲喂女贞子提取物提高了NDF、ADF降解率(P>0.05);对DM、CP降解率未产生影响。     

物候期对放牧牦牛瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响及其相关性分析

为研究牧草物候期对其脂肪酸组成和放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响及其相关关系,本研究在甘肃省甘南牧区选取平均体重为(234.9±10.5)kg的10头带犊甘南牦牛作为研究对象(自然放牧),分别于牧草返青期、盛草期、枯草期采集试验牦牛采食牧草、乳和瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成,并分...     

不同纤维水平日粮对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响

试验选用体况良好、体重50kg左右的苏尼特绵羊9只,随机分为3组,每组3只,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组日粮NDF含量分别为64.38%、54.59%、42.71%。研究日粮纤维水平的变化对绵羊瘤胃内环境的影响,试验结果表明:随纤维水平的增加瘤胃pH显著增加(p(0.01);氨氮、和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度与之相反,Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(p(0.01);乙酸摩尔浓度百分比随纤维水平降低而显著降低(p(0.05),丙酸和丁酸摩尔浓度显著升高(p(0.05);高纤维日粮组的乙酸:丙酸比例显著高于其它两日粮组(p(0.01),日粮纤维水平的变化,改变了瘤胃发酵的模式。     

热应激对奶山羊生产性能及瘤胃上皮细胞形态结构的影响

【目的】研究热应激对奶山羊生产性能及瘤胃上皮细胞形态结构的影响,为动物在炎热环境中能够维持正常生理机能以及探索促进动物抗热应激的方法提供理论基础和试验依据。【方法】本项目以泌乳中后期奶山羊为动物模型,采用逐渐加热的方式使奶山羊产生热应激,用温湿指数计算当连续1周早、中、晚THI＞72时,动物模型建立;采用动物营养学方法,研究热应激对瘤胃内发酵指标、营养物质消化率、生产性能、瘤胃上皮细胞形态结构和超微结构的影响。【结果】①试验期间试验羊THI主要在72和87之间,处于轻度和高度热应激;②热应激极显著地提高了奶山羊直肠温度和呼吸频率（P＜0.01）,显著地降低了DM、CP、OM、NDF和ADF消化率（P＜0.01）,干物质采食量和奶产量（P＜0.01）,以及乳中乳蛋白和乳脂含量（P＜0.05）,但对乳糖含量影响不显著（P＞0.05）;③热应激显著降低了一天中各时间点的pH（P＜0.05）、NH3-N浓度（P＜0.05）、TVFA浓度（P＜0.05）;④与对照组相比,在热应激30 d时,发现瘤胃液呈稀粥状,酸臭味较浓,且奶山羊瘤胃黏膜乳头呈现大面积的坏死、脱落;当在热应激45 d时,黏膜乳头坏死、脱落情况更为严重;⑤在热应激30和45 d时,瘤胃背囊和腹囊绒毛长度和宽度分别要短于对照组（P ＜0.05）,且随着热应激时间的延长,瘤胃背囊和腹囊的绒毛长度和宽度缩短的也越短（P＜0.05）。【结论】①热应激通过显著提高奶山羊的直肠温度和呼吸频率,显著降低日粮各营养物质消化率、瘤胃液发酵参数等,进而显著降低日粮干物质采食量、乳品质及其生产性能;②热应激通过破坏瘤胃上皮组织结构,致使瘤胃黏膜绒毛大面积萎缩、脱落、甚至坏死,进而导致瘤胃黏膜屏障通透性增加。     

日粮中添加不同植物油对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响

以3头年龄相同、平均体重为(650±20)kg、泌乳期相同的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究探讨添加葵花油、胡麻油和菜籽油的日粮对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH3-N浓度动态变化的影响。研究结果表明,日粮中添加不同的植物油(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH3-N浓度动态变化的影响差异均不显著(p>0.05)。