The Phytotoxicity of Various Graminicides in Durum Wheat in Greece

The effect of three herbicides, diclofop-methyl (DM), imazamethabenz-methyl (IM) and fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE), was investigated at the recommended rate (×) and double the recommended rate (2×) in a durum wheat crop. FE had the smallest effect on root system characteristics, while IM had the greatest effect. For all herbicides, the double rate treatment gave a greater statistical reduction than the single rate for root system characteristics. FE had the smallest effect on the activity of aerobic microorganisms, while DM gave the greatest reduction, 10 days after application, and all three herbicides reduced earthworm abundance. DM gave the smallest reduction in the number of tillers and in plant height, while the double rate of IM gave the greatest reduction. For all three herbicides, double the recommended rate resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of 1000 seeds, while no statistically significant deviations were noted at the recommended rate. Finally, the use of all three herbicides resulted in significantly lower statistical yields compared to the sample (control plot), although there were no significant statistical differences among them, for either recommended or double recommended rates.     

The Effect of Detopping the Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and Lack of the Pod Setting on the Symbiosis with Root Nodule Bacteria

The plants of field bean var. Nadwiślaνski were detopped after about 1 month since the beginning of flowering and after that all flower buds were removed from some plants. The effect of a change in the trophic balance on the setting and subsequent growth of root nodules was studied.
The removal of pods had the greater effect on the increase in the weight of the remaining organs than the detopping of plants. Detopping retarded the ageing of the plants and delayed the phase of the greatest reduction of the number of pods. The detopping of plants revealed their considerable compensative possibilities in terms of production of the pod weight and the potential of leaves for biomass production. The data obtained indicate that plant detopping may disturb the root–bacteria exchange of signals, necessary to initiate the nodule development, while the further growth of nodules depends, above all, on the amount of available photosynthates.
A very high correlation between the dry weight of the whole plant to the dry weight of leaves ratio and the weight of nodules was observed. It proves the importance of the trophic balance of the plant for the root nodule weight production.     

水培条件下钾对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响

以‘金乡白皮蒜’为试材,采用设施水培探讨了不同K+浓度对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响。结果表明:钾可显著增加大蒜幼苗生长量及根系活力;当营养液K+浓度为6.0mmol/L时,大蒜幼苗叶长、叶宽、假茎高、假茎粗、根长及根系活力最大,绿叶数及根系数最多,大蒜幼苗叶片、假茎、鳞茎及根系干、鲜重也最大,较不施钾处理干重分别增加133.91%、167.22%、146.31%和116.74%,鲜重分别提高168.34%2、43.18%、153.24%和128.78%。     

草莓根腐病病原菌分离与鉴定

为了有效防控草莓根腐病,采用组织分离法,对徐州地区草莓根腐病病原菌进行分离与鉴定,分离、纯化后获取了5个真菌菌株,经形态学与分子生物学碱基序列测定结果比对发现：CMGF-1是胶孢炭疽菌或其亚种,CMGF-2和CMGF-3是棒孢拟盘多毛孢或其亚种,CMGF-4和CMGF-5是串珠镰刀菌或其亚种。黑根根腐的致病菌主要是镰刀菌和拟盘多毛孢菌,而红中柱根腐的致病菌是胶孢炭疽菌。     

间作对咖啡和澳洲坚果根系形态、分布及养分累积的影响

为探明澳洲坚果与咖啡间作对地上部生长及地下部互作效应,为生产推广复合高效栽培模式提供理论依据,布置了咖啡和澳洲坚果间作盆栽实验,以二者分别单作为对照,分析植株的生长量、生物量、养分含量、根系形态以及土壤养分的差异.结果表明:(1)间作咖啡和间作澳洲坚果根干重、茎干重、单株总干重分别为40.86、50.38、148.34...     

98％棉隆微粒剂防治黄瓜根结线虫田间药效试验

以10％灭线磷GR为对照药剂,设98％棉隆MG 35、40、45 g/m2处理土壤防治黄瓜根结线虫.结果表明:98％棉隆MG 35、40、45 g/m2的3个处理,药后30 d土壤中2龄幼虫虫口减退率分别为89.45％、90.50％、92.05％,对照药剂10％灭线磷颗粒剂5 g/m2处理的虫口减退率为60.65％;药后90 d土壤中2龄幼虫虫口减退率分别为88.63％、89.73％、91.69％,对照药剂10％灭线磷5 g/m2处理的线虫虫口减退率为59.97％.98％棉隆MG各处理的防治效果分别为85.71％、88.80％、89.34％,而对照药剂为65.71％.表明98％棉隆MG可有效地控制黄瓜根结线虫的为害,有较好的推广应用价值.     

莲藕的活性成分研究进展

综述了莲藕的活性成分种类、莲藕活性成分的药用和食用开发利用价值及莲藕活性成分的提取方法3个方面的研究进展,并对其今后的研究进行了展望。     

Use of real-time PCR to examine the relationship between disease severity in pea and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphanomyces euteiches</Emphasis> DNA content in roots

Aphanomyces euteiches causes severe root rot of peas. Resistance is limited in commercial pea cultivars. Real-time fluorescent PCR assay specific for A. euteiches was used to study the relationship between disease severity and pathogen DNA content in infected peas. Five pea genotypes ranging in levels of resistance were inoculated with five isolates of A. euteiches. Plants were visually rated for disease development and the amount of pathogen DNA in roots was determined using the PCR assay. The susceptible genotypes Genie, DSP and Bolero tended to have significantly more disease and more pathogen DNA than the resistant genotypes 90-2079 and PI 180693. PI 180693 consistently had less disease, while 90-2079 had the lowest amount of pathogen DNA. The Spearman correlation between pathogen DNA quantity and disease development was positive and significant (P < 0.05) for three isolates, but was not significant for two other isolates. This suggests that the real-time PCR assay may have limited application as a selection tool for resistance in pea to A. euteiches. Its utility as a selection tool would be dependent on the correlation between disease development and pathogen DNA content for a given pathogen isolate. The accuracy and specificity of the real-time PCR assay suggests considerable application for the assay in the study of mechanisms of disease resistance and the study of microbial population dynamics in plants.     

防治烟草根黑腐病拮抗芽孢菌株的筛选

由基生根串珠霉菌(Thielaviopsis basicola)引起的烟草根黑腐病是烟草生产上重要根部真菌病害,近年在我国烟草种植区有加重危害的趋势,目前防治措施主要依赖化学药剂,给卷烟卫生带来一系列问题[1].探索该病生物防治途径,克服农药残留和病原菌抗药性十分重要.芽孢杆菌是土壤和植物微生态区系的优势生物种群,具有优良生防特性[2],采用芽孢杆菌作为烟草根黑腐病生防因子尚未见报道.本研究从烟草根际土壤中分离筛选对烟草根黑腐病病菌有较强拮抗作用的芽孢菌株,研究其抑菌活性、控病作用及其分类学地位.