Genome-wide association mapping of phenolic acids in tetraploid wheats

Phenolic acids are major components of cell walls in wheat and have important implications on human health as antioxidants with anti-tumor activity. Our objectives were to identify phenolic acid genes in wheat by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected within the coding sequences of candidate genes, and to identify chromosomal regions associated with single phenolic acids and total soluble phenolic compounds. A set of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were identified by comparative genomics. SNPs found in the coding sequences of six genes (PAL1, PAL2, C4H, C3H, COMT1 and COMT2) were used to determine their chromosomal location and accurate map position on two reference consensus linkage maps. The genome-wide association study (GWAS), based on genotyping a tetraploid wheat collection with 81,587 gene-associated SNPs, detected 22 quantitative trait loci (QTL) distributed on almost all durum wheat chromosomes. Two QTL for p-coumaric acid were coincident with the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL2) and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) genes on chromosome arms 2AL and 1AL, respectively. The availability of candidate gene-based markers can allow elucidating the mechanism of phenolic acids accumulation in wheat kernels and exploiting the genetic variability of phenolic acids content for the nutritional improvement of wheat end-products.     

Application of Airway Pressure Therapy in Veterinary Critical Care: Part I: Respiratory Mechanics and Hypoxemia

Over the past several decades, recognition of acute respiratory failure as the cause of death in patients suffering from various clinical conditions has prompted aggressiv investigation into the area of respiratory physiology and supportive respiratory care. With the evolution of emergency medicine and critical care services in both human and veterinary medicine, many patients previously considered unsalvageable due to the severity of their underlying disease are now being resuscitated and successfully supported, creating a new population of critically ill patients. Where only a decade ago these patients would have succumbed to their underlying disease, they now survive long enough to manifest the complications of shock and tissue injury in the form of acute respiratory failure. Investigation into the pathophysiology and treatment of this acute respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS) has facilitated increased clinical application of respiratory theerapy and machanical ventilation.¹ The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic review of respiratory mechanics and the pathophysiology of hypoxemia as they relate to airway pressure therapy in veterinary patients and to review the use of airway pressure therapy in veterinary patients This paper is divided into two parts; part I reviews respiratory mechanics and hypoxemia as they apply to respiratory therapy, while part II deals specifically with airway pressure therapy andits use in clinical cases.     

呼吸抑制剂和木瓜酶对蓖麻韧皮部溢泌过程的影响

用微量注射器分别将2,4-二硝基酚、叠氮化钾、叠氮化钠和木瓜酶溶液注射到韧皮部溢泌伤口,研究溢泌速率、蔗糖浓度和钾离子浓度的变化。试验结果显示,呼吸抑制剂和木瓜酶均导致溢泌速率显著下降。呼吸抑制剂和木瓜酶处理后韧皮部溢泌速率随溢泌过程分别为不可恢复和可部分恢复;韧皮部溢泌速率降低伴随汁液中钾离子浓度降低和蔗糖浓度增高。     

Aerosol therapy in the equine species

Inhalation therapy plays an increasing role in the management of equine respiratory disorders. Thisalternative to systematic treatment permits a high concentration of medication to act locally while minimizing side effects and residues. In human medicine, literature in this field is prolific and continuously renewed, whereas in veterinary medicine, applications of aerosol therapy are less extensive. This review considers the principles of action of the different types of devices used for inhalation, i.e., nebulization, metered-dose inhalation and dry powder inhalation, describes the technical and practical requirements for their use in the equine species and considers the advantages and disadvantages of each inhalation device. The pharmacological agents currently administered to horses by inhalation are also discussed. Perspectives of aerosol therapy in the equine species, including aerosols already used in human medicine and their potential applications for horses are described.     

Bt对小地考虑呼吸作用的影响

利用红外CO2分析仪测定小地老虎幼虫呼吸节律的变化结果显示：小地老虎幼虫呼吸节律属于不规则波动型，取食含Bt烟叶的幼虫呼出的CO2量显著低于对照组，且呼吸节律的波动性也明显增大，说明小地考虑幼虫取食Bt后，呼吸代谢受到一定干扰，出现呼吸水平降低及代谢紊乱现象。     

控制鸡场呼吸道病的初步研究

江苏某鸡场饲养的蛋鸡，呼吸道病很严重，用药物和现有的疫苗控制效果都不够理想。为此，将该鸡场发生呼吸道病病鸡的病料进行收集，制成油佐剂灭活苗对鸡进行免疫接种，结果获得满意的效果。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒缺失变异株的基因组特征

对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)分离株HB2(sh)／2002的全基因组序列进行了测定与分析。该毒株基因组全长为15373nt(不包括PolyA尾)，与国内外美洲型PRRSV分离株全序列相似性介于88．7％～95．1％之间。序列分析表明，该毒株是1个天然存在缺失的变异毒株，其ORFla的Nsp2存在编码12个氨基酸的连续36个核苷酸的缺失，ORF、3存在编码1个氨基酸的3个核苷酸的缺失。这是国内外首次发现PRRSV存在缺失变异现象，研究结果补充和丰富了PRRSV毒株的基因组信息数据，为深入研究该毒株的遗传与变异及其与生物学特性的关系奠定了基础。     

盐碱胁迫下植物生理和钙信号通路分子机制的研究进展

土壤的盐化和碱化往往伴随发生,在盐碱胁迫下,植物会遭受许多类型的非生物胁迫,严重影响植物的正常生长发育.本综述首先介绍了盐碱土的分类;其次从四个方面对植物在盐碱胁迫下体内产生相应生理机制进行详细介绍;接下来以植物在盐碱胁迫下产生的钙信号为重点进行阐述,包括植物首个非离子通道型盐胁迫下离子感受器GIPCs的发现、盐碱胁迫...