多项目管理理论在水库移民后扶项目中的初步研究

结合水库移民工作实践经验,构建了后扶项目多项目管理组织机构并初步分析了多项目管理在后扶项目管理中开展方法.     

Looking back on development and disaster‐related displacement and resettlement,anticipating climate‐related displacement in the Asia Pacific region

The realisation that climate change might necessitate resettlement of people displaced initially raised interest in the experience of development‐forced displacement and resettlement (DFDR). Looking back, in 1980 the first international policy on involuntary resettlement was approved to address perceived weaknesses in state property and expropriation law to safeguard people in the way of development projects. Since then international policy and praxis have brought global attention to developmentally displaced people but have not guaranteed them an effective safeguard. Recently, renewed attention has focussed on state legal and governance frameworks substantively and procedurally. Identifying four key policy objectives that resonate with climate change displacement I analyse their treatment in a data base of DFDR laws and regulations from 40 Asia Pacific states. This analysis finds overall little legal congruence. Innovative new formulations in some Asian state laws address recent public criticisms and research findings, but mostly are yet to demonstrate positive outcomes for displaced people. Pacific states increasingly abandon expropriation law to negotiate lease terms for public infrastructure projects with customary landowners that do not extinguish customary title. Any laws governing climate change relocations must protect rights, livelihoods, well‐being, inclusive decision‐making and community initiatives with procedures whilst not relinquishing climate‐change‐reducing action.     

Resettling,disconnecting or displacing? Attending to local sociality,culture and history in disaster settings

In many disaster settings, top‐down responses emphasise ‘expert‐led’ solutions that often involve relocating disaster‐affected communities. While the intention might be to move people from harm's way and facilitate recovery, failure to attend to local pre‐disaster circumstances as well as the interplay between power, resilience and vulnerability within and around affected communities often sees resettlement reconfigure as displacement or disconnection. This oversight may even usher in a new phase of dispossession and disadvantage for marginalised groups (particularly in colonial settings). This paper explores experiences in Australia, Japan and Taiwan to reflect on what issues of local sociality, local culture and local resilience need to be attended to in framing ‘better’ disaster responses.     

水库移民安置中水土资源优化配置与生态补偿

水库建设所产生的移民安置问题影响着工程进展、库区与移民安置区的稳定发展,在库区移民实物指标调查与多源数据集成应用基础上对水库移民安置中水土资源进行优化配置与生态补偿,促进库区和移民安置区可持续发展。采用现代信息技术对移民实物指标进行采集、处理与集成应用,建立面向水库移民安置的移民信息系统,为水库淹没影响范围的确定与移民安置实施提供辅助决策支持方法,对库区和移民安置区的水土资源与生态进行综合考虑,以此指导水土资源的优化配置和生态补偿。以陕西省引汉济渭调水工程三河口水库移民安置为应用实例,对采集的三河口水库移民实物指标进行统计分析,通过移民信息系统对实物指标进行空间展示,采用问卷调查确定移民安置方式和移民安置区,提出移民安置区水土资源优化配置与生态补偿措施。在水库移民安置过程中对水资源、土地资源和生态环境进行综合考虑有助于移民安置的科学有序进行,库区和移民安置区后期的稳定与可持续发展,在同类工程中具有一定的指导意义。     

构建中国征地移民监测体系的设想

分析了中国构建征地移民监测体系的背景,结合世界银行已有经验和中国征地制度实际情况,提出了建设中国征地移民监测体系的设想,分析了征地移民监测体系的运作模式、监测内容、监测指标、面临的困难等关键环节,从总体上描述了中国征地移民监测体系的框架。     

绩溪抽水蓄能电站工程移民安置环境影响

指出了水利工程移民生产安置是关系到移民的生产水平能否恢复或超过安置前的生产水平的问题,但移民安置也会带来诸多环境问题。处理和解决好绩溪抽水蓄能电站移民安置产生的环境问题则是保障工程建设顺利完成及工程综合效益充分发挥的重要工作。对移民安置于环境的作用和影响进行了分析评价。     

回迁安置社区景观设计——以昆明市官渡区“关坡村I、J地块”景观设计为例

回迁安置社区作为一种独特的居住区类型,归属感的缺失成为了一种普遍现象。文中以案例解析了昆明市关坡村片区回迁安置社区的景观设计,通过明确使用者的社会特征和景观风格定位,分析其景观文化;以景观结构组织形式、景观空间层次安排及绿化设计阐述其在景观设计中对传统文化的继承和发扬。     

宁夏月牙湖移民区生态环境变化监测

利用宁夏月牙湖生态移民区2010年与2012年2期卫星影像数据,通过人工目视解译,并且与实地土地利用调查资料相结合,对该生态移民区生态环境变化进行监测。结果表明,2010—2012年,由于生态移民过程中对移民区的土地利用结构进行了规划调整,移民区天然草地、沙地面积明显减少,而耕地、林地面积明显增加,生态移民对改善当地土地利用方式起到了积极的作用。根据生态环境状况变化幅度分级标准,研究区2010—2012年生态环境状况明显好转。     

Conservation costs: Nature‐based tourism as development at Cuc Phuong National Park,Vietnam

Abstract: Local communities are frequently displaced from areas selected for environmental protection. Development of nature‐based tourism, believed to be more environmentally benign than traditional agricultural systems, has been encouraged by governments and national park managers in the hope of providing alternative livelihoods for local people. This paper examines the extent to which indigenous peoples resettled from within one Vietnamese national park have engaged with the nascent tourism industry, thereby providing a perspective on the success of their resettlement, through the eyes of those communities affected. The perspectives of resettled peoples are contrasted with those of villagers who have continued to reside within the national park, using traditional means of survival, along with new initiatives designed to supplement their livelihoods and to reduce their dependence on national park resources for survival. Resettled villagers are unable to survive on agricultural activity alone, tourism has done little to provide an alternate livelihood and the park environment is still threatened by the use of park resources by resettled communities in their struggle to survive.     

三峡库区奉节县欧营移民生态环境容量研究

三峡库区的生态环境问题是一个世界性的难题,库区的移民安置则是生态环境保护和生态环境建设的一个非常重要的调控途径。在对移民生态环境容量界定和特征分析的基础上,从资源环境和经济发展水平2个方面对奉节县欧营移民生态环境容量进行了综合分析和评价。研究结果表明,在当地资源环境条件和现有的产业模式下,1500人的移民数量是可以接受的。随着农业产业结构的调整和产业化经营水平的提高,该地区移民生态环境容量还可以略有提高。