Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

加热光纤法同步测定土壤水热参数误差分析

土壤水热参数是研究土壤水热传输的基本物理参数。当前热脉冲探针法（HPP）可同步测定土壤水热参数,但该方法仅限于在点尺度下测定。与其具有相同理论基础的加热光纤法（SPHP-DTS）,可将测定尺度增大至田间千米尺度,但其测定精度尚未得到有效验证。为了探知SPHP-DTS法的误差,本研究进行了SPHP-DTS法与HPP法测定土壤水热参数的对比试验。结果表明,以HPP为标准,加热光纤法测定热导率的精度RMSE为0.13 W?m-1?℃-1。SPHP-DTS法测定的热导率显著高于HPP法,主要原因在于加热光纤时产生的温度效应。通过热导率法测定土壤含水率时,在热导率测定误差的影响下,SPHP-DTS法的测定精度明显低于HPP法。SPHP-DTS法测定土壤水热参数的其他误差来源包括光纤与土壤之间多个界面的接触热阻、光纤的温度敏感性、噪音干扰以及温度梯度驱动下的水分迁移。本研究可为SPHP-DTS法提升土壤水热参数测定精度提供理论参考。     

并联混合动力飞机牵引车控制系统设计与试验

分析了并联混合动力飞机牵引车的动力系统结构及工作模式,对目前主要的两种并联混合动力控制策略进行了分析比较,详细阐述了控制系统硬件及软件系统的设计方法,该控制系统在模拟工况测试试验中达到了预期的控制效果。     

陕西蔬果电动作业农机发展思考

陕西省果蔬种植面积较大,果蔬作物多样,但大多数是家庭或小农场种植模式,但南北地形地貌差异较大,传统大型机械作业不便且费用较高,通过适度规模的宜机化改造后,中小型马力的动农机可完全适用小区域化果蔬园,在山丘区果园及设施种植环境下中小型电动农机就有很大的发展前景,并且中小型电动农机具在提质增效、智能化提升及节能减排方面也有较为广阔的发展空间。     

生物结皮生长发育对黄绵土抗侵蚀性能的影响

[目的] 黄土高原退耕还林(草)工程驱动的生物结皮发育可显著抑制土壤侵蚀,为探明土壤抗侵蚀性能随生物结皮生长发育的变化特征及其响应机制。[方法] 设置藻结皮、藓结皮和自然演替结皮3个处理,培育176天,系统研究生物结皮不同发育阶段及其类型差异对黄绵土抗侵蚀性能的影响。[结果] (1)生物结皮盖度、厚度、生物量、叶绿素和粗糙度随生长时间均显著增加,培育初期藓结皮较高,培育末期自然演替结皮反而最高。(2)随生物结皮发育,土壤黏结力呈幂函数增强,较初期增加39.8%~60.3%;质量损失率呈指数函数减小,较初期降低45.6%~57.3%;饱和导水率变化趋势较为复杂,但培育末期均最低(0.08~0.12 mm/min)。(3)土壤黏结力随生物结皮盖度、厚度、叶绿素、生物量和表面粗糙度的增加呈幂函数增长,质量损失率随生物结皮盖度、厚度、叶绿素、生物量和表面粗糙度的增加呈指数函数下降。(4)土壤抗侵蚀综合指数(C_ser)可表示为盖度(Cov)、厚度(T)和生物量(B)的幂函数(C_ser=0.279 Cov^0.194 T^0.188 B^0.119, R²=0.73, p＜0.05)。[结论] 黄土高原生物结皮发育可显著提高黄绵土抗侵蚀性能,藓结皮效果最强。     

高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率变化影响的研究

土壤电导率是表征土壤水溶性盐的一个重要指标,可反映土壤盐渍化程度.为了研究高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率的影响,以三江源区未退化高寒草甸和退化高寒草甸为研究对象,系统分析了退化高寒草甸的植被特征和土壤特征与土壤电导率的相互关系.结果表明:高寒草甸退化会对土壤电导率产生显著负影响,且土壤电导率与评价高寒草甸的退化指标植被盖度、...     

绿洲农田防护林系统土壤蒸发特征研究

以景电灌区绿洲农田防护林系统为研究对象,通过对农田防护林系统内土壤水分蒸发的测定分析,结果表明:在1H范围内,越靠近林带,土壤蒸发量越大。随着与林带距离的增加,土壤蒸发量有先减小后增大的趋势;农田防护林系统内土壤水分蒸发量在灌溉前后有先增加后减小的趋势,并且对照点土壤水分蒸发量始终高于林网内观测点,林网内土壤蒸发量与对照点相比平均减少了35.17%。说明绿洲农田防护林系统能有效减弱土壤蒸发量;相关分析表明,系统内土壤水分蒸发量受到土壤本身和气象因子的制约,其影响程度大小依次为土壤含水量>太阳辐射>空气相对湿度>风速>气温,其中土壤含水量、太阳辐射、气温、风速与土壤蒸发量成正相关,空气相对湿度与其成负相关关系。     

Integrating multiple electromagnetic data to map spatiotemporal variability of soil salinity in Kairouan region,Central Tunisia

Soil salinization is a major problem affecting soils and threatening agricultural sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions,which makes it necessary to establish an efficient strategy to manage soil salinity and confront economic challenges that arise from it.Saline soil recovery involving drainage of shallow saline groundwater and the removal of soil salts by natural rainfall or by irrigation are good strategies for the reclamation of salty soil.To develop suitable management strategies for salty soil reclamation,it is essential to improve soil salinity assessment pro cess/mechanism and to adopt new approaches and techniques.T his study mapped a recovered area of 7200 m2 to assess and verify variations in soil salinity in space and time in K airouan region in Central Tunisia,taking into account the thickness of soil materials.Two electromagnetic conductivity meters(EM38 and EM31)were used to measure the electrical conductivity of saturated soil-paste extract(ECe)and apparent electrical conductivity(E Ca).Multiple linear regression was established between ECe and ECa,and it was revealed that ECa-EM38 is optimal for E Ce prediction in the surface soils.Salinity maps demonstrated that the spatial structure of soil salinity in the region of interest was relatively unchanged but varied temporally.Variation in salinity at the soil surface was greater than that at a depth.These findings can not only be used to track soil salinity variations and their significance in the field but also help to identify the spatial and temporal features of soil salinity,thus improving the efficiency of soil management.     

外源脱落酸对抗寒性狗牙根抗氧化酶活性的影响

以寒敏感的普通狗牙根、海岸狗牙根和抗寒的新农1号狗牙根、喀什狗牙根为供试材料,研究外源脱落酸（0 mg•L^-1、5 mg•L^-1、15 mg•L^-1、25 mg•L^-1）在4 ℃低温处理下（处理时间24 h、72 h）对叶片相对电导率（EC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。结果表明：与CK2（喷水、常温培养）相比,4 ℃低温处理24 h、72 h,无论是否喷施外源脱落酸,狗牙根均表现为[WTBX]EC[WTBZ]增大,MDA含量增加;但与CK1（喷水、4 ℃低温处理）相比,喷施外源脱落酸可以诱导狗牙根细胞EC、MDA含量降低,促进SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性的进一步增加,保护膜系统的完整性,增强其对低温的适应。综合分析认为,抗寒狗牙根的适宜外源脱落酸喷施浓度为15 mg•L-1,寒敏感狗牙根为5 mg•L^-1更有利于其对低温的适应。随着低温处理时间的延长,抗寒狗牙根SOD活性增加率、MDA含量降低率明显高于寒敏感狗牙根,说明SOD酶活性不同可能是狗牙根抗寒性差异的原因之一。     

基于无人机成像高光谱的棉叶螨为害等级估测模型构建

为快速、实时、准确地了解新疆棉田棉叶螨(优势种为土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani)的发生情况,利用高光谱图像中的7种植被指数,使用一般线性回归分析方法分别构建不同棉叶螨为害等级棉花冠层叶片叶绿素相对含量(用soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)值表征)遥感估测模型和棉叶螨为害等级遥感估测模型,实现棉叶螨为害的实时监测。结果显示:不同棉叶螨为害等级对应的棉花冠层光谱反射率存在明显差异,棉叶螨为害等级与棉花冠层叶片SPAD值呈显著负相关关系。在7个不同棉叶螨为害等级对应的棉花冠层叶片SPAD遥感估测模型中,SPAD-红边归一化植被指数估测模型的估测决定系数为0.915,均方根误差为3.451,识别精确度显著高于其他模型。表明利用棉花冠层叶片SPAD遥感估测模型可快速无损地获取棉叶螨为害数据,构建的棉叶螨为害等级估测模型可用于植保人员快速准确获取棉叶螨为害情况。