神农架大九湖生物多样性及湿地恢复技术探讨

大九湖湿地是湖北省境内海拔最高的高山湿地。笔者研究了大九湖的生物多样性,并对其进行了评价,提出了湿地的恢复技术。     

紫花苜蓿对草炭改良露天矿表土替代材料的响应

为探讨添加草炭对露天矿表土替代材料的改良效果,以紫花苜蓿为试材,草炭为改良剂,研究了草炭添加量分别为0、10、30、50 g·kg-1（干土）与表土替代材料配合施用对紫花苜蓿生长性能及抗逆性能的影响。试验结果显示,添加草炭对紫花苜蓿生长期内的株高、生长率、生物量、叶片SPAD值、叶片的细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性及可溶性蛋白含量等指标均有显著影响（P<0.05）。草炭施用量为10 g·kg-1（干土）时,紫花苜蓿的株高、生长率、地上及地下部分     

大型综合医院户外空间植物景观研究

为营造良好的医院户外空间,采用文献查阅和综合分析等方法对广州市3家大型综合医院的绿地植物景观进行研究。结果表明:3家医院共有植物116种,其中骨干树种和基调树种的重复率较高,乔灌比值偏小,常绿与落叶比相对合理,色彩应用设计合理。在交往空间的搭配中,广东省中医院的交往空间最丰富,广东省人民医院私密型空间较少,中山大学第一附属医院对病人户外交往空间考虑不够,空间应用的元素较为单一。     

农村污染缓流水体的修复研究

农村缓流水体是维系乡村生态平衡的重要组成部分, 水质污染已成为国内乡村缓流水体普遍现状。讨论了农村缓流水体的污染成因，并以水生植物大漂为水体修复主体，进行了大漂的水体修复特性的试验，讨论了在可控条件下用大漂对缓流污染水体进行修复治理的植物修复技术及大漂在水体修复中可能带来的生态风险及其防范。     

门头沟山区矿产废弃地及公路边坡植被恢复技术适应性研究

对在北京市门头沟区典型矿产废弃地和裸露公路边坡实施的8种植被恢复技术的效果进行了调查与分析,结果表明:对潭柘寺及妙峰山石灰窑废弃地进行的人工景观修复效果最佳,植被覆盖度达85%以上,美景度达优级,居民满意度最高;付家台公路上边坡绿化笼砖裸岩生态修复技术和黄土台无土碎石边坡创新生态修复技术的植被恢复效果也较好,冲蚀量及入渗速率都有明显的改善,但无土碎石边坡植被恢复中,容器苗修复技术存在着植株成活率较低的问题;百花山景区公路沿线采用客土移栽修复技术植被恢复效果显著,但这种技术对土质及坡度都有较高的要求,具有一定的局限性;植生袋及保育棒修复技术虽然植被盖度较高,但所用植株较低、绿期短,且存在建设成本较高的问题;挂网喷播修复技术具有较大的局限性,在坡角大于50°时,由于土壤冲蚀量大,坡面挂不住土层,所以植株无法正常生长,而在坡角小于50°时,一般无需使用这种技术,因为它的建设成本及维护成本较高。     

人工修复措施对严重退化红壤固碳效益的影响

固碳效益是侵蚀退化地水土保持效益的重要组成部分,其对全面评价生态修复意义重大.从人工促进生态修复林分固碳功能出发,以裸露地为对照,不同人工修复措施林分为研究对象,对其碳储量及固碳价值进行了研究.结果表明,人工修复显著增加了植被碳库和土壤碳库的碳储量,强烈干扰马尾松、竹节沟马尾松、种草竹节沟马尾松和竹节沟湿地松植被碳库分别为6.12,6.83,8.20和32.69 t/hm2,其土壤碳库分别为裸露地的1.16,1.37,1.60和2.71倍,固碳总价值分别比裸露地增加了0.36,0.60,0.87和2.78倍.     

Potential for reintroduction of lake sturgeon in five northern Lake Michigan tributaries: a habitat suitability perspective

• 1. Conservation and rehabilitation efforts for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens throughout the Great Lakes include the re‐establishment of self‐sustaining stocks in systems where they have been extirpated.
• 2. Information on the suitability of potential lake sturgeon habitat in tributaries is important for determining their capacity to support lake sturgeon stocking and to develop system‐specific rehabilitation strategies.
• 3. Geo‐referenced habitat information characterizing substrate composition, water depth, and stream gradient were applied to a life‐stage specific lake sturgeon habitat suitability index in a geographic information system to produce spatially explicit models of life‐stage specific habitat characteristics in five northern Lake Michigan tributaries from which lake sturgeon have been extirpated.
• 4. Habitat models indicated that high quality lake sturgeon spawning and staging habitat comprised 0 to 23% and 0 to 9% of the available habitat, respectively, whereas high quality juvenile lake sturgeon habitat was relatively ubiquitous throughout each river and comprised 39 to 99%.
• 5. Comparison of these data to lake sturgeon habitat availability in Lake Michigan tributaries currently supporting populations indicated that spawning and staging habitats may limit the ability of these systems to support spawning. Efforts to re‐establish lake sturgeon populations in these systems should consider the creation of spawning and staging habitat to increase reproductive and recruitment potential prior to the initiation of stocking efforts.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impacts of water resource planning on regional water consumption pattern: A case study in Dunhuang Oasis,China

Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins. Thus, to enable sustainable development, it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way. We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern. This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning (comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin) on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis. The first of these, Scenario 1, is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained, while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project, and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation. In the baseline Scenario 1, the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security. In contrast, Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10⁷ m³ following the implementation of water-saving practices. The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis. Finally, in Scenario 3, the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10³ hm² by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50% of the total consumption. Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis, it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern.