节节麦对铝的耐性评价

为了评价节节麦在普通小麦耐铝方面的应用价值,设置了pH4.50和pH4.50+50/μmol/L Al3+"以及pH4.50+100μmol/L Al3+3种水培营养液处理45份节节麦.结果表明,再生根伸长量以及耐铝指数在节节麦居群间存在较大的遗传变异.再生根伸长量以pH4.50的最长,pH4.50+100μmol/L Al3+的最短,pH 4.50+50μmol/L Al3+的居中.pH4.50+50μmol/L Al3+的耐铝指数变异范围为0.18～0.49,平均值为0.33.pH4.50+100μmol/L Al3+的耐铝指数变异范围为0.09～0.32,平均值为0.18;节节麦材料在50μmol/L Al3+的苏木精染色除As 65和As 88的染色程度相对较轻(为2级)外,其余染色均较深(为3级),而中国春的染色程度更轻(为1级);综合耐铝指数以及苏木精染色结果认为,所有节节麦都不耐铝,发现耐铝节节麦可能性较小.因此,节节麦可能不是小麦的耐铝抗源之-.     

Evaluation on Chinese Bread Wheat Landraces for Low pH and Aluminum Tolerance Using Hydroponic Screening

Aluminum （Al） toxicity often takes place in acidic soils with a pH of 5.5 or lower. Breeding and cultivation of Al tolerance wheat can partially protect wheat escaping from Al toxicity. The scarcity of the tolerant sources impedes the wheat breeding. In order to find new Al tolerance sources, we screened 173 bread wheat landraces from Tibet of China using hydroponic screening. It was indicated that： （1） There were diversities on the root regenerate length （RRL）. The RRL of a large of landraces were longer than 7.00 cm in pH 7 （58.38%） and pH 4.5 （66.47%）, but shorter than 5.00 cm in pH 4.5 ＋50μM Al^3＋ （80.93%）. The low pH showed either promotion or restraining effects depend on landraces, but Al toxicity under low pH only showed restraining effects on the root elongation. （2） There were also diversities on root tolerance index of low pH （RTI 1） or root aluminum tolerance index （RTI2） among cultivars. The RTI1 varied from a narrow range but with relatively high value （0.8722-1.2953） in comparison with that of RTI2 （0.3829-1.0058）, and the RTI1 of approximately 60% landraces was higher than 1.0000, the RTI2 of only 19.07% landraces was higher than 0.7000, suggesting that Al toxicity acted as an important factor for the reduction of the root elongation under acidic soils. （3） The RTI 1 of many wheats was higher than 1.0000, and As2256 and As2295 were the most tolerant for low pH, with RTI1 1.2953 and 1.2925, respectively. （4） Based on RTI2, seven wheats showed similar or higher tolerance to Al toxicity than Chinese Spring （CS）, a known tolerance wheat. Much better tolerance existed in landraces of As1543 and As1242, which can be used as the new parents for Al tolerant breeding.     

苎麻叶片组织培养再生植株的研究

摘要：以中苎一号叶片为外植体,研究了外植体消毒时间、培养基、生长调节物质对苎麻品种中苎一号叶片愈伤诱导、分化不定芽和生根的影响。其结果表明：先用75%酒精消毒10秒,再用0.1%升汞灭菌8分钟,同时滴入1-2滴1% HCL效果最好。中苎一号最佳叶片愈伤组织诱导基本培养基为1/2MS;最佳叶片愈伤组织诱导培养基组合为:1/2MS+0.05mg/L TDZ+0.01mg/L IAA+0.03mg/L 2,4-D;最佳愈伤分化培养基为: 1/2MS+0.5mg/L TDZ+0.02mg/L 2,4-D+0.03mg/L IAA;最佳生根培养基为:1/2MS+0.02mg/L TDZ+O.O5mg/L NAA+0.02mg/L IAA, 形成了较为完善的组织培养再生体系,再生率达到了26%以上     

植物生长调节剂对朱顶红不定芽诱导影响的研究

以不同植物生长调节剂的配比为重点,探索激素对朱顶红不定芽的诱导,并有效防止了外植体褐变问题。结果表明:朱顶红的培养条件为:温度23±2℃,光照17H/D,光照强度2800lx左右,pH为5.6～5.8。朱顶红不定芽诱导培养基以MS+NAA0.1mg/L+BA2.0mg/L+AC1.0mg/L为好。     

Experimentation Study on the Adsorption Capability About the Ammonia Nitrogen From Water Using Clinoptilolite

The absorption capability, the regeneration capability and the influencing factors of the clinoptilolite to ammonia nitrogen are studied through static state test ,dynamic test and regenerative test. The experiment result indicates that the saturated adsorptive quantity of clinoptilolite in the static state is 3 100 mg/100 g,when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 35 mg/L, the saturated adsorptive quantity in the dynamic state is about 2 200 mg/100 g, and was 20, 23 and 27.5 times of the pulverous active carbon's, the granular active carbon's and the diatomite's respectively. The mixed solution of NaCl+NaOH (the weight proportion is 3:7) could be repeatedly used three times as the regeneration reagent of clinoptilolite, and the effective life is exceeded 140 h. Clinoptilolite has important practicality when it is used to dispose the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen.     

黍稷种质资源繁殖更新技术

黍稷种质资源繁殖更新是一项长期性、系统性的基础研究工作,为了使繁殖更新技术更加规范化,从黍稷种质资源多样性组成、不同类型黍稷种质资源的繁殖特性、黍稷的繁殖生物学基础及其繁殖特性、黍稷繁种的主要技术标准和技术工作程序等方面,系统阐述了黍稷种质资源繁殖更新技术的规范化操作,为今后黍稷种质资源的繁殖更新提供参考依据。     

植物生长调节剂对“万魏”玉簪不定芽诱导的影响

以"万魏"玉簪的花葶为外植体,MS为基本培养基,通过植物生长调节剂的不同配比,探索生长调节剂对"万魏"玉簪不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明,"万魏"玉簪不定芽诱导的培养基以MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 3.0 mg/L为最佳,增殖倍数可以达到4.7;IBA对花葶诱导不定芽的效果不明显。     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕生态系统土壤水分动态变化规律研究

采用时间代替空间的方法研究黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕地生态系统的水分动态变化规律,结果表明,随着退耕年限的增长,自然恢复条件下的退耕坡地土壤水分含量先增大,后逐渐稳定,人工干预条件下耕层含水量较多,40-160cm层减少,200cm含水量约为4%,且随着退耕年限增加而减少,接近凋萎系数4%,300cm以下土壤含水量则比较稳定,维持在9%～12%;退耕40a的阴坡立地恢复效果最好,阳坡立地的深层土壤水分亏缺严重。相比之下,早期的人工干预措施效果较为明显,随着退耕年限的增加,自然恢复则逐渐占据优势。     

刺五加体细胞胚再生体系的研究

以刺五加种子为外植体,采用固体培养筛选出最优培养基,并成功地诱导出体细胞胚获得再生植株,以此来建立一套成熟稳定的刺五加体细胞胚再生体系。试验结果表明, 最适宜的胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为1/3MS+1.0 mg?L-12,4-D,其诱导率可达50%;胚性愈伤组织增殖的最适培养基为1/3MS+1.0 mg?L-12,4-D,其增殖倍数可达4.24倍;胚性愈伤组织在不添加任何植物生长调节物质的1/3MS培养基上培养,可促进体细胞胚的形成、萌发及植株转化率。添加10 g?L-1蔗糖时,体细胞胚的发芽率达到90%,植株转化率达到97.8%。     

基于再生不定芽的蝴蝶兰继代扩繁体系建立

为降低蝴蝶兰通过再生原球茎途径频繁继代培养可能出现的变异及玻璃化风险、减轻继代培养中的褐化,以蝴蝶兰花梗茎段再生的营养芽为试验材料,进行基于再生不定芽的继代扩繁及抗褐化研究。结果显示,以5节花梗的中间腋芽茎段为材料,在VW+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L培养基上进行启动培养,能获得最高的营养芽诱导率。继代培养中,TDZ促进再生不定芽的效果比6-BA强。茎芽经过“切叶”处理,在培养基VW+ TDZ 1 mg/L+300 mg/L柠檬酸+10 g/L蔗糖+15%椰汁,或培养基VW+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L+ 300 mg/L柠檬酸+10 g/L蔗糖+15%椰汁上进行继代培养,能获得最佳的继代扩繁效果。笔者研究认为初步建立了基于再生不定芽的蝴蝶兰继代扩繁体系。