Large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the longest tropical river in Asia

Although the Mekong River is one of the world's 35 biodiversity hot spots, the large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure remain poorly addressed. This study aimed to investigate the fish distribution patterns in the Lower Mekong River (LMR) and to identify their environmental determinants. Daily fish catch data (i.e. from December 2000 to November 2001) at 38 sites distributed along the LMR were related to 15 physicochemical and 19 climatic variables. As a result, four different clusters were defined according to the similarity in assemblage composition and 80 indicator species were identified. While fish species richness was highest in the Mekong delta and lowest in the upper part of the LMR, the diversity index was highest in the middle part of the LMR and lowest in the delta. We found that fish assemblages changed along the environmental gradients and that the main drivers affecting the fish assemblage structure were the seasonal variation of temperature, precipitation, dissolved oxygen, pH and total phosphorus. Specifically, upstream assemblages were characterised by cyprinids and Pangasius catfish, well suited to low temperature, high dissolved oxygen and high pH. Fish assemblages in the delta were dominated by perch‐like fish and clupeids, more tolerant to high temperatures, and high levels of nutrients (nitrates and total phosphorus) and salinity. Overall, the patterns were consistent between seasons. Our study contributes to establishing the first holistic fish community study in the LMR.     

导入AGPase基因的转基因可育水稻及其经济性状的研究

以农杆菌介导法将淀粉合成关键酶AGPase(腺嘌呤二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶）基因导入云南地方优质水稻合系35，38，39，41，42中，获得了大量的可育转基因植株。PCR扩增检测，外源基因已稳定整合进水稻基因组中。大量的农艺性状及淀粉含量研究表明，转基因水稻种子的千粒重比对照明显提高，但总淀粉含量没有显著变化。     

沙黄松选择增益结构模式初步研究

采用沙黄松天然林自由授粉家系７年生树干材积的材料，分析了联合选择遗传增益结构模式。结果表明：亚群体间存在极显著差异，亚群体内家系间差异不显著；联合选择增益结构模式为亚群体间７２．４４％、亚群体内家系间３．５５％、单株间２４．０１％。     

菲律宾以稻为基础的种植制度生态学评价 Ⅰ.各类种植方式的养分平衡

在菲律宾的雨养旱地、雨养低地和灌溉田种植制度研究基点上,分别对各种农民和拟推广的实验种植方式,进行了生物量及其组成、作物分器官的 C、N、P、K 含量与分布比率、作物残茬燃烧后 C、N、P、K 损失测定。从添加与取走两个方面,分三种添加与取走情况,计算了土壤N、P、K 的部分养分平衡与有机质平衡。结果显示:在当地施肥水平下,即使归还全部残茬,很难维持 N、P、K 的养分平衡,但能较好满足土壤有机质平衡。为维持土壤有机质的年平衡,雨养低地和雨养旱地需分别归还1400和1900公斤生物物质/公顷.年。并对当地维持养分平衡的途径作了分析与探讨。     

Feline Ubiquitin Fusion Protein Genes

Using cDNA from a CRFK cell line as a template, PCR amplification was performed with the Ub1S and poly(dT) primers to isolate feline ubiquitin genes. Sequencing of the 495 bp PCR fragment revealed that the putative amino acids induced by this fragment gave a fusion protein consisting of a ubiquitin polypeptide (76 amino acids) and an extension protein of ribosomal proteins L40 (52 amino acids). The putative amino acid sequence of ubiquitin was identical to those of humans, rats and pigs.The recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)–feline ubiquitin fusion proteins were produced in Escherichia coli and purified. The fusion proteins had a molecular weight of about 42 kDa and were detected by immunoblot assay with rabbit anti-ubiquitin antiserum.The mRNAs from heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked cells were subjected to RT-PCR (Ub1S and poly(dT) primers) analysis. The molecular weights of the ubiquitinated proteins in heat-shocked CFRK cells were between 18 kDa and 24 kDa by immunoblot assay.These results suggested that there were more ubiquinated proteins in the heat-shocked CRFK cells than in the pre-heat-shocked cells.     

Mangroves as indicators of coastal change

In view of the unique biological characteristics of mangroves, it is interesting to assess the extent to which these ecosystems can be used as indicators of coastal change or sea-level rise. From recent studies of mangrove mortality at several locations (including Guiana, Gambia, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, India and Bangladesh), it appears that these coastal ecosystems are so specialized that any minor variation in their hydrological or tidal regimes causes noticeable mortality. Each species of mangrove (but particularly those belonging to the genera Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Heritiera and Nypa) occurs in ecological conditions that approach its limit of tolerance with regard to salinity of the water and soil, as well as the inundation regime. If the duration of daily immersion were to be modified by tectonic, sedimentological or hydrological events, the species either readjusts to the new conditions or succumbs to unsuitable conditions. Consequently, the use of remote sensing data for mangrove ecosystems offers excellent potential as a tool for monitoring coastal change.     

用台盼兰—姬姆萨染色检测家畜精子顶导反应的研究

本文探讨了用台盼兰—姬姆萨染色检测家畜精子顶体反应的可行性。用肝素或钙离子载体诱发精子顶体反应。根据染色结果将精子分为四类:a)核后帽部不着色或淡青色,顶体不着色或部分紫红色(有顶体反应活精子);b)核后帽部暗青色.顶体部不着色或部分暗红色(有顶体反应死精子);c)核后帽部不着色或淡青色,顶体部紫红色(无顶体反应活精子);d)核后帽部暗青色,顶体部暗紫红色(无顶体反应死精子)。有顶体反应活精子百分率与仓鼠卵穿透率呈强正相关。从而证明台盼兰—姬姆萨染色是检测家畜精子顶体反应的有效手段,并能预测获能处理后精子的受精能力。     

牛磺酸在猫营养中的应用

主要综述近年猫的牛磺酸营养,从研究方法来看衡量牛磺酸利用的方法与指标已较完善,对牛磺酸的代谢有了深入的了解,并进一步关注猫肠道菌群影响牛磺酸代谢的机理的研究;初步揭示大豆蛋白和脂肪等营养物质降低牛磺酸利用率的原因;在猫粮加工方面指出不良热处理导致的猫粮中牛磺酸利用率降低的机制,并分析了一些不适合配制猫粮的原料如米糠、大豆蛋白对牛磺酸代谢的影响;以及在猫粮中直接添加晶体牛磺酸的重要性。从文中可以看到,作为必需氨基酸的牛磺酸对于猫的生长繁殖来说十分重要。     

RT-PCR及RFLP分析技术对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的诊断和S1基因分型的研究

本研究使用分别扩增整个S1糖蛋白基因 (引物A)和S1糖蛋白基因N_端高变区Ⅰ (引物B)的 2对引物对 3个IBV标准株M41、Connecticut、Arkansas及 5个地方分离株 (C60 ,D41A ,D41B ,A112 1,A1171)进行RT_PCR扩增。用引物A时 ,有 5个IBV毒株扩增到目的片段 (172 0bp) ;用引物B时 ,所有 8个IBV毒株均得到与预计大小相符的目的产物 (2 2 8bp)。对 172 0bp的PCR产物用限制性内切酶HaeⅢ进行酶切 ,结果得出 3个不同的RFLP图谱 ,其中M41、Connecticut、D41B具有相同的HaeⅢ酶切图谱。Arkansas和D41A则分别具有互不相同的图谱 ;对 2 2 8bp的PCR产物进行DdeⅠ、RsaⅠ限制性内切酶消化 ,根据它们的RFLP图谱 ,8个IBV毒株可分为 5个基因型。综合 2对引物的PCR产物的RFLP分析结果 ,8个IBV毒株可分为 7个基因型 ,分型的结果与传统的血清学方法吻合。本研究建立的方法和技术具有快速、简单、特异、灵敏等优点 ,为现场流行毒株的定型(基因型 /血清型 )及其S1基因变异的跟踪研究以及更有效防制传染性支气管炎奠定了基础。     

含铅的多元氢阴极电催化性能的研究

用电沉积法制备Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｃａ多元活性阴极，研究了在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４中的析氢反应，结果表明，多元阴极具有较高的电催化活性，其析氢过电位比软钢阴极降低３０５ｍＶ，ｉ０提高三个数量级，且有较好的稳定性，并用光电子能谱研究了表面组成和结构。证实表面有：Ｎｉ，ＮｉＯ，ＭｏＯ２，ＭｏＯ＾２－４，ＷＯ３，ＰｂＯ２，ＰｂＯ，Ｃａ＾＋＋等物质。