Metal leaching and toxicity of denitrifying woodchip bioreactor outflow—Potential reuse application

The denitrifying woodchip bioreactor is designed to remediate nitrate-rich water, including those produced from aquaculture effluents. Reuse of treated bioreactor outflows in recirculating aquaculture would offer considerable water savings and valuable alkalinity recuperation. However, such bioreactors may leach detrimental wood-bound contaminants, preventing outflow reuse. To determine water reuse potential, woodchip media from two hardwood species (white ash, Fraxinus americana; Norway maple, Acer platanoides) were evaluated for 206 d under a range of operating conditions (start-up, steady-state, reducing conditions, and drying-rewetting cycles) for a spectrum of potentially harmful dissolved contaminants. Aerated outflows also were evaluated for acute and chronic toxicity to the biologically sensitive invertebrate Ceriodaphnia dubia. Dissolved metal leaching subsided within the first few weeks of operation, though initial concentrations of copper and zinc were detected at concentrations of concern. Elevated concentrations of tannins-lignin and total ammonia nitrogen were detected throughout the study and were influenced by operational phase. Acute toxicity was not generally detected, though chronic toxicity was observed during drying-rewetting cycles in the maple outflows. The measured toxicity was not correlated with water chemistry, indicating an additive effect of several toxicants. Overall, significant differences in outflow water quality between ash and maple wood species were negligible. Results indicated that bioreactor outflows may be applicable for aquacultural reuse, though reusing outflows immediately following start-up or restarting after a dry period would not be recommended.     

Reproduction in three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from rainforest streams in northern Queensland, Australia

Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year-round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis , which occurs in high-elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history. ^Note     

舍饲安哥拉周岁公羊行为习性观察

对 6只舍饲安哥拉周岁公羊进行连续三天昼夜行为习性观察 ,结果表明 :周岁安哥拉山羊在舍饲情况下每昼夜反刍时间 (min)为 45 7 2 5± 2 4 39,睡眠时间为 2 96 5 0± 41 5 0 ,采食时间为 2 65 0 0± 2 2 31,其他时间为 15 4 2 5± 72 76。反刍与采食的时间比为 1 7∶1,明显大于正常的反刍与采食比 (0 5～ 1)的上限。反刍、睡眠和采食也与其它山羊相差较大。周岁安哥拉山羊的反刍、睡眠多发生在夜间 ,采食活动及其它一些动作如打架、自淫多发生在白天。安哥拉山羊白天排粪、排尿次数多于黑夜 ,昼夜排粪次数差异极显著。安哥拉山羊对牧草及灌木有较强的选择性 ,对饮水的卫生要求极为严格 ,拒饮不干净的水     

先张法预应力空心板纵向开裂的防治

多年来先张法预应力空心板在中、小桥结构物中一直被广泛应用.但在设计回访中发现,部分空心板板底多存在有纵向裂缝的问题,为有效杜绝此弊病的发生,本文对其产生的原因进行了分析并提出了预防措施.     

绿色产品的生命周期评价模型研究

本文根据绿色产品的特点,采用层次分析法研究了绿色产品环境影响和经济性能的评价指标体系,结合等价转化及产品成本收益的经济利润分析等方法,建立了相应的绿色产品生命周期评价数学模型,探讨了其在绿色产品生产和管理过程评价中的广泛适用性。     

健康生活视角下南京科巷片区街巷空间微更新探索

南京科巷片区曾经是一种合理、宜居的城市公共空间形态,然而随着外部社会环境条件的变化尤其是2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的冲击,使得科巷产生许多问题与矛盾,并在特殊时期产生了健康管理风险.选取南京科巷片区6条街巷空间为研究对象,从街巷空间体系、文化体系以及使用人群3个角度进行调研分析,梳理现状存在的问题,从健康生活的视角...     

某柴油机连杆力学响应分析

提取连杆工作过程中的最大拉伸和最大压缩工况,通过计算机CAE技术施加不同的边界条件和约束计算其基本的静力学响应,对其安全性进行了评价.连杆实际工作过程中会受到交变的扰动载荷,需对其疲劳耐久性做出更好的把握,因此,借助多体动力学技术计算出连杆工作周期的载荷时间历程,并制作了连杆危险部位的应力时间历程,基于结构的S-N曲线...     

双质量飞轮内部传动结构强度及疲劳寿命分析

随着初级飞轮与次级飞轮相对转角的变化,分段变刚度双质量飞轮具有不同的刚度特性和非线性变化转矩,双质量飞轮内部传动结构作为传递动力和运动部分,结构可靠性和使用寿命必须保证.将建立的三维CAD模型导入HyperMesh软件中进行有限元分析前处理,建立了有限元分析模型,经过仿真求解计算,分析了结构变形、应力分布特点,对比分析...     

室温臭氧保鲜草菇研究

用不同臭氧浓度处理新鲜草菇,结合聚乙烯薄膜包装保鲜贮藏,以５×１０－６臭氧处理草菇效果最好,较对照贮藏寿命延长了１０ｈ,延长了３８％,各处理的过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量和游离氨基酸含量,均随臭氧处理浓度增加而上升。文章对这些生化指标变化进行了讨论。