乙草胺防除辣椒田杂草的药效试验

50 %乙草胺EC 12 0 0、15 0 0ml/hm2 在辣椒苗移栽前 1d对土壤用药 ,对辣椒安全 ,除草效果在 75 .0 %～ 82 .6 %之间 ;乙草胺对禾本科杂草的防效好于阔叶草     

植物杀虫剂苦皮藤素对柑橘潜叶蛾控制效果的研究

用植物性杀虫剂苦皮藤素Ⅳ(KPT乳油)有效成分30、15mg/kg防治柑橘潜叶蛾,采用离体叶片浸叶法处理5s,3d后,幼虫校正虫口减退率分别为89.63%、63.02%;枝梢浸液法处理5s,5d后,潜道伸长度校正抑制率分别为76.12%和41.51%;10d后,对秋梢的相对保叶效果分别为69.34%和52.29%。结果表明,采用KPT乳油有效成分30mg/kg对柑橘潜叶蛾有较好的控制作用,对柑橘秋梢有良好的保护效果。     

1.2%苦·烟乳油防治青海云杉梢斑螟的药效试验

应用1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油混合进行喷烟防治青海云杉梢斑螟幼虫,结果表明1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油的配比在1：9以上,用药量13.3ml hm-2以上进行喷烟防治,梢斑螟的虫口减退率可达85%以上,最高可达90%。     

Mapping soil salinity and pH across an estuarine and alluvial plain using electromagnetic and digital elevation model data

Increasing pressures from agriculture and urbanization have resulted in drainage of many floodplains along the eastern Australian coastline, which are underlain by sulphidic sediments, to lower water tables and reduce soil salinity. This leads to oxidation of the sediments with a rapid decline in pH and an increase in salinity. Accurately mapping soil salinity and pH in coastal acid sulphate soil (CASS) landscapes is therefore important. One required map is the extent of highly acidic (i.e. pH < 4.5) areas, so that the application of alkaline amendments (e.g. lime) to neutralize the acid produced can be specifically targeted to the variation in pH. One approach is to use digital soil mapping (DSM) using ancillary information, such as an EM38, digital elevation models (DEM – elevation) and trend surface parameters (east and north). We used an EM38 in the horizontal (EM38h) and vertical (EM38v) modes together with elevation data to develop multiple linear regressions (MLR) for predicting EC_1:5 and pH. For pH, best results were achieved when the EM38 EC_a data were log‐transformed. By comparing MLR models using REML analysis, we found that using all ancillary data was optimal for mapping EC_1:5, whereas the best predictors for pH were north, log‐EM38v and elevation. Using residual maximum likelihood (REML), the final EC_1:5 and pH maps produced were consistent with previously defined soil landscape units, particularly CASS. The DSM approach used is amenable for mapping saline soils and identifying areas requiring the application of lime to manage acidic soil conditions in CASS landscape.     

农业企业的信息化建设过程

我国农业从传统生产模式向现代市场经济竞争环境下的企业化模式进行转换,依靠的是科学管理和管理科学;建设电子化、信息化的管理系统,是农业企业在市场环境下得以生存的有力支撑.为此,论述了农业企业的信息化建设过程.     

20.67%万兴乳油对香蕉叶斑病的毒力测定与防治试验

香蕉尾孢菌叶斑病是危害香蕉的重要病害之一,在华南香蕉产区夏秋生长季节大量发生,严重危害香蕉叶片.2001～2003 年进行的新型复配杀菌剂20.67%万兴乳油对香蕉尾孢菌的毒力测定及对香蕉叶斑病的防治试验研究结果表明,20.67%万兴乳油对香蕉尾孢菌的抑制效果明显,对香蕉叶斑病防治效果优良,且对香蕉安全,施药3次的防治效果达81.23%～83.33%,优于对比药剂25%敌力脱乳油1 500倍的防效,是一种具保护兼治疗作用的高效杀菌剂,值得在香蕉生产上推广使用.     

Simulation of transpiration, drainage, N uptake, nitrate leaching, and N uptake concentration in tomato grown in open substrate

Free-drainage or “open” substrate system used for vegetable production in greenhouses is associated with appreciable NO₃⁻ leaching losses and drainage volumes. Simulation models of crop N uptake, N leaching, water use and drainage of crops in these systems will be useful for crop and water resource management, and environmental assessment. This work (i) modified the TOMGRO model to simulate N uptake for tomato grown in greenhouses in SE Spain, (ii) modified the PrHo model to simulate transpiration of tomato grown in substrate and (iii) developed an aggregated model combining TOMGRO and PrHo to calculate N uptake concentrations and drainage NO₃⁻ concentration. The component models simulate NO₃⁻-N leached by subtracting simulated N uptake from measured applied N, and drainage by subtracting simulated transpiration from measured irrigation. Three tomato crops grown sequentially in free-draining rock wool in a plastic greenhouse were used for calibration and validation. Measured daily transpiration was determined by the water balance method from daily measurements of irrigation and drainage. Measured N uptake was determined by N balance, using data of volumes and of concentrations of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in applied nutrient solution and drainage. Accuracy of the two modified component models and aggregated model was assessed by comparing simulated to measured values using linear regression analysis, comparison of slope and intercept values of regression equations, and root mean squared error (RMSE) values. For the three crops, the modified TOMGRO provided accurate simulations of cumulative crop N uptake, (RMSE = 6.4, 1.9 and 2.6% of total N uptake) and NO₃⁻-N leached (RMSE = 11.0, 10.3, and 6.1% of total NO₃⁻-N leached). The modified PrHo provided accurate simulation of cumulative transpiration (RMSE = 4.3, 1.7 and 2.4% of total transpiration) and cumulative drainage (RMSE = 13.8, 6.9, 7.4% of total drainage). For the four cumulative parameters, slopes and intercepts of the linear regressions were mostly not statistically significant (P < 0.05) from one and zero, respectively, and coefficient of determination (r²) values were 0.96-0.98. Simulated values of total drainage volumes for the three crops were +21, +1 and −13% of measured total drainage volumes. The aggregated TOMGRO-PrHo model generally provided accurate simulation of crop N uptake concentration after 30-40 days of transplanting, with an average RMSE of approximately 2 mmol L⁻¹. Simulated values of average NO₃⁻ concentration in drainage, obtained with the aggregated model, were −7, +18 and +31% of measured values.     

自控变频调速式灌溉水注肥装置的研究

为现代农业节水灌溉与精准施肥所需的配套注肥装置的开发,研究采用输液泵将肥料原液和酸碱调节液强行注入灌溉管网,并与灌溉水按比例混合获得一定浓度和酸碱度(EC & pH)的灌溉液。灌溉液浓度和酸碱度通过EC传感器和pH传感器检测并反馈PLC控制系统,通过变频调速进行EC值与pH值动态调节,实现节水灌溉系统的精准施肥灌溉。采用自控变频调速技术的灌溉水注肥装置经过实际运行,完全满足设计要求,可实现灌溉液的正常输送和EC值与pH的动态调节。特别是射流自吸泵变频调速技术的实现,不仅有效实现了灌溉液浓度（EC值）的动态调节,同时降低了设备成本,完全可用于节水灌溉注肥装置的开发。     

蛇床子素乳油对玉米象的防效及毒力分析

用2%蛇床子素乳油对玉米象的防治试验结果表明,处理72 h后,蛇床子素乳油对玉米象的致死中浓度LC50为5.348 6mg·kg-1,其防治效果较好.     

6%精喹·嗪酸乳油防除花生田杂草

田间试验结果表明,6%精喹.嗪酸乳油作茎叶处理对马唐、牛筋草、稗草、反枝苋、藜等杂草均有较好的除草效果。推荐应用剂量为有效量45~54 g/hm2(商品量750~900 mL/hm2),药后20 d对杂草的鲜重防效在95%以上。在推荐剂量范围内对花生安全,一次施药即能有效防除花生田全生育期的杂草,除草效果好。