Endocannabinoids as endometrial inflammatory markers in lactating Holstein cows

The objective of this study was to consider endocannabinoid system as inflammatory markers in bovine endometrium to better understand the role of this system in regulating many of the functions that are related to inflammatory condition. At day 26 post‐partum, fourteen cows were divided into two groups depending on the inflammatory condition: 1‐ subclinical endometritis (n = 7, with purulent or mucopurulent uterine discharge detectable in the vagina) and 2‐ healthy (n = 7, No (muco)) purulent discharge. Blood samples were collected at 26 and 30 days relative to calving to determine plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) concentrations; moreover, uterine biopsy was carried out on day 26 post‐partum to measure mRNA abundance of TNF, interleukin‐1B (IL1B), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), endocannabinoid receptor (CNR2), N‐acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPEPLD), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), N‐acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) and monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) by real‐time PCR. Results showed mean plasma concentrations of TNF and LBP were lower in healthy cows compared to subclinical endometritis cows (p < .05). Relative mRNA expression for NAAA and FAAH was decreased (p < .05), and relative mRNA expression for CNR2 and NAPEPLD increased in cows with subclinical endometritis compared to healthy cows. In conclusion, relative mRNA expression of TNF, IL1B and CXCL8 and plasma concentration of LBP increased during inflammatory condition along with decreased endocannabinoids hydrolyzing enzyme (NAAA and FAAH), increased enzymes that synthesize endocannabinoids (NAPEPLD) and relative gene expression of the endocannabinoid receptor; together, these contribute to increased endocannabinoids levels during inflammation. Overall, we provide evidence that endocannabinoid system is altered in endometrium tissue during inflammation through increased mRNA expression of CNR2 and synthesis enzyme and decreased mRNA expression of hydrolyzing enzymes interfere with pro‐cytokine production and signalling, which may interfere with the onset and progression of inflammation.     

感染16型蓝舌病病毒后绵羊部分细胞因子消长特点研究

本试验旨在探明绵羊感染16型蓝舌病病毒（Bluetongue virus type 16,BTV16）后细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10的消长特点。用实时荧光定量PCR检测方法对感染BTV16后3只绵羊上述4种因子mRNA进行检测,同时设立阴性对照绵羊,并以0 d mRNA为基准,计算mRNA的相对表达量,同时检测病毒抗体效价、测量绵羊体温。结果显示,接种BTV16的3只绵羊均不同程度产生抗体和体温症状,4种细胞因子的mRNA在接种病毒2~4 d内均出现显著上升,其中IFN-γ峰值在2.58~27.84倍之间,IL-2峰值在5.24~17.19倍之间,IL-4峰值在2.16~3.43倍之间,IL-10峰值在15.78~48.77倍之间,个体上升幅度存在显著差异,4种细胞因子均在高水平持续6 d左右后逐渐下降。对照绵羊上述参数在正常范围内波动。本研究阐明了接种BTV16后绵羊细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10在转录水平上的消长特点,为进一步深入开展BTV感染特征、宿主机体免疫机制研究提供参考。     

Anti-allergic effects of the brown alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eisenia arborea</Emphasis> on Brown Norway rats

To investigate the anti-allergic effects of the brown alga Eisenia arborea. A strain of Brown Norway rats know to strongly respond to immunoglobulin E (IgE) were used as an allergy model animal. The rats were immunized with ovalbumin by oral administration. The levels of serum IgE and histamine were suppressed in the rats fed a diet supplemented with dried E. arborea powder. As for the cytokine pattern, the interferon-γ production in the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) was enhanced, and the interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in the spleens and/or IL-10 production in the spleens and MLN were suppressed. These results, together with the change in the Th1/Th2 balance, indicate that the rats fed with E. arborea became more anti-allergic, suggesting that E. arborea might possess anti-allergic effects.     

对生和互生玉米内源激素含量的差异分析

利用ELISA方法测定近等基因系玉米(Zeamays)对生、互生玉米的不同组织和不同生育期内源细胞分裂素ZRs(zeatin riboside group)、DHZRs(dehydro zeatin riboside group)、iPAs(isopentenyladenosine group)以及内源生长素IAA(indole acetic acid)含量差异。结果表明,不同叶序玉米在不同生育期幼胚、成熟花粉和成熟叶片的内源ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs和IAA均无显著差异;不同生育期对生叶序玉米幼苗顶端分生组织和成熟苗顶端雄幼穗ZRs、DHZRs和iPAs含量显著高于同期近等基因系的互生玉米,IAA含量在两者之间无显著差异;对生叶序玉米幼苗顶端分生组织、成熟苗顶端雄幼穗CTK/IAA(CTK表示ZRs、DHZRs和iPAs含量相加)比值显著高于同期近等基因系互生叶序玉米,但在不同生育期幼胚、叶片及花粉内均无显著差异。对生叶序的形成与生长点组织细胞分裂素含量增加密切相关。     

面筋蛋白的胃蛋白酶酶解物对大鼠免疫功能的影响

选用 5 0只SD大鼠 ,分为试验组和对照组 ,每组 2 5只 ,试验组用经氯化钠缓冲液洗涤法制备的面筋蛋白的胃蛋白酶酶解物灌喂 ,对照组灌喂未经酶解的面筋蛋白 ,连续灌喂 2 1d。实验结果显示 :与对照组相比较 ,大鼠胸腺和脾脏相对重量分别上升了 2 0 % (P <0 0 1)和 2 9% (P <0 0 1) ;腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性上升了 12 % (P >0 0 5 ) ;淋巴细胞转化实验中刺激指数 (SI)提高了 33 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;血清NDV (新城疫病毒 )抗体血凝抑制效价 (HI)上升了 38 5 % (P<0 0 1) ;肠腔sIgA水平提高了 2 8 6 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;血清IL 2水平上升了 38 4 % (P <0 0 1) ;血清瘦素、胰岛素、T3 和T4水平均无显著变化。实验结果提示 :灌喂面筋蛋白胃蛋白酶酶解物能够增强机体免疫功能 ,并且这种免疫增强作用与细胞因子的调理有较为密切的联系。     

金边黄杨不同生育期内源激素含量差异分析

为了分析和探讨金边黄杨不同生育期顶端分生组织及叶原基内源细胞分裂素(ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs)及内源生长素(IAA)的含量差异,利用植物激素ELISA方法对金边黄杨的顶端分生组织和不同大小茎尖的内源激素进行了测定。结果表明,金边黄杨的顶端分生组织的内源ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs、IAA及CTK/IAA值在不同的生育期均无显著差异;但在相同生育期时,金边黄杨茎尖的内源ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs、IAA及CTK/IAA值会随着保留的叶原基个数的增多而呈下降的趋势。这说明了金边黄杨顶端分生组织内源激素不会随着其生长而改变,并且间接地证明了顶端分生组织周围叶原基的内源激素含量与顶端分生组织不一致,它的存在会影响测定顶端分生组织内源激素含量的准确性。     

颈静脉灌注精氨酸对泌乳中期奶牛血清生化和免疫指标的影响

本文旨在研究颈静脉灌注精氨酸对泌乳中期奶牛血清生化和免疫指标的影响。采用3×3复式拉丁方试验设计,选择6头体重、胎次、泌乳期、泌乳量和体况基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,随机分为3组(每组2头),分别为酪蛋白组(对照组)、精氨酸组(灌注37.66 g/d)、丙氨酸组(与精氨酸组等氮,灌注77.24 g/d);每个试验期为22 d(7 d灌注+15 d间隔),在每个试验灌注期的最后1 d晨饲前采血,测定血清生化和免疫指标。结果表明:精氨酸组的奶牛血清中总蛋白、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度要显著高于其他2组(P0.05),白球比、白细胞介素1(IL-1)浓度显著高于丙氨酸组(P0.05),但是牛奶中体细胞数显著低于其他2组(P0.05),而血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性,免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)浓度在组间无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,灌注精氨酸能够通过提高血清总蛋白、Ig G及IL-1、TNF-α的浓度,从而一定程度上增强泌乳奶牛机体的免疫力和胎儿的被动免疫力。     

猪细胞因子cDNA表达文库的构建及其基因的克隆鉴定

为克隆和研究猪细胞因子及相关基因,应用建库试剂盒成功构建了猪细胞因子cDNA表达文库。采取健康猪外周血及淋巴结,分离单个核细胞,经LPS PHA联合刺激不同时间后,提取总RNA。将各组样品混合,分离纯化mRNA。反转录合成cDNA第一链和第二链,与EcoRI和HindⅢ接头连接。酶切和过柱分级分离后,与λScreen载体连接,经体外包装转染E.coliER1647宿主菌,进行文库容量测定和扩增。以扩增文库的DNA为模板,利用已知基因引物克隆猪IL-2和IL-4的cDNA并进行测序。结果表明,成功构建了猪细胞因子cDNA文库,文库原始库容量为8×105,插入片段在300~2 000 bp,扩增得到特定的IL-2和IL-4基因,说明文库质量高、代表性强,为进一步从文库中筛选未知细胞因子及相关基因提供了有效的工具。     

共轭亚油酸对动物免疫功能的调节

共轭亚油酸具有广泛的生物学功能,它对增加机体免疫球蛋白含量,促进免疫细胞增殖、细胞因子产生、吞噬细胞的功能,基因表达都具有调节作用。本文就共轭亚油酸的免疫调节作用进行了阐述。