Analysis of the Impact of Alfalfa Forage Production under Summer Water-Limiting Circumstances on Productivity, Agricultural and Growers Returns and Plant Stand

The trade-off between summer water conservation from alfalfa production and the effects on plant growth, agricultural crop value, and grower returns in the low desert area (Imperial, Palo Verde, Parker and Yuma Valleys of California and Arizona) was analysed using an experimental plot in the Palo Verde Valley. The purpose was to provide a basis for evaluating water conservation decisions and policies. Four summer dry-down periods (withdrawing water for a predetermined period) of 0 days (control), 35 days, 70 days, and 105 days were analysed. Our results show that whereas the various dry-down periods would provide water conservation ranging from 254 to 944 million m³, the region would experience agricultural income decline by US $16 to US $73 million. For growers, benefits of dry-down would be effective only if the water price exceeds US $0.045 m⁻³ in California and US $0.036 m⁻³ in Arizona. Also dry-down would have possible adverse effects in the following areas including declines in plant stand density, long-term productivity, service industry sales, employment and biological benefits of soil fertility and organic matter that is attributed by the alfalfa plant in which case agriculture's and growers monetary losses could increase.     

农业土地规模经营的理论探讨

实现农业土地规模经营,有利于生产力有效运转并取得最佳的规模效益。其适度性受各种因素的影响,具有区域性和动态性。规模经营与劳动生产率有着密切的关系,应该在确保提高土地生产率的基础上来提高劳动生产和土地规模经营的效益。土地适当集中、土地经营主体的总人数尽量精简和劳动组合的优化是优化土地经营规模的三个相互制约的因素。要采取积极的措施逐步实现土地的规模经营。对现有土地经营形式要做具体分析,其调整应从有利于生产力发展出发,在尊重群众意愿的基础上稳步进行。     

江苏毛竹林生产力类型区的划分及分析

根据毛竹生产力和环境指标将江苏省毛竹林区划分出高生产力、中生产力、一般生产力和低生产力类型区,并分析了各类型区的主要特点。同时,提出了各类型区的经营发展方向。     

诚信就是生产力

通过分析信用缺失对社会的危害性,阐述了诚信就是生产力的观点,并就如何加强信用体系建设提出了意见。     

多花黑麦草品种比较试验

通过对现行生产中常用的4个多花黑麦草品种在昆明地区的物候期、株高、草产量、生长率、净同化率等指标的规定表明,在生长初期,特高的生产性能比其余3个品种都好,但生长一段时间后,邦德的生产性能明显超过特高(P<0.05),抗锈王略高于特高(P>0.05),旺饲的生产性能最差(P<0.05)。因此,邦德是一个在生产中值得推广应用的品种。     

春季休牧对草原和家畜生产力的影响

从4月上旬到6月下旬,在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原,进行春季休牧试验,对休牧和非休牧的草原进行生产力监测.结果表明:春季休牧可以有效地保护草原生态环境,经过两个月休牧后,草原植被状况明显改善;休牧期间采用低投入维持性饲养,可以显著降低饲养成本.并对休牧措施的生态效益、生产实践可行性和经济合理性进行综合讨论和评价.     

冷鲜肉微生物种类及微生物预测模型的研究进展

肉品安全是一个重要的研究课题,预测肉品微生物的变化是监测食品货架期的基础,它根据食品微生物在不同加工技术、储藏和流通条件下的变化规律,通过建立模型和计算机处理,判断食品内主要致病菌和腐败菌生长或残存的动态变化,从而对食品的质量和安全性作出快速评估和预测.生鲜肉食品的腐败主要是生产加工过程中微生物污染所致,不同的微生物在...     

温度、光照强度和光照周期对铜藻有机碳释放速率的影响

为探究铜藻(Sargassum horneri)的有机碳释放速率、与净初级生产力(NPP)之间的关系及主要的调控因素等问题,本研究采用三变量三水平的正交实验,测定铜藻在不同温度(5、15和25℃)、光照[86、172和258 μmol/(m2·s)]和光照周期(L∶D=6 h∶18 h、L∶D=12 h∶12 h、L∶D=24 h∶0 h,L表示光照时长,D表示黑暗时长)条件下溶解有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)的释放速率和初级生产力。结果显示,DOC和POC释放速率的范围分别为0.653~4.785 mg/(g·h)和0.066~0.322 mg/(g·h);温度和光照强度分别是铜藻释放DOC和POC的主要调控因素;铜藻在高温、中光、L∶D=6 h∶18 h条件下的DOC释放速率最高[4.785 mg/(g·h)],在高温、高光、L∶D=24 h∶0 h条件下的POC释放速率最高[0.322 mg/(g·h)];铜藻释放的DOC和POC占NPP的比值分别为4%~130%和0.4%~5.9%;DOC释放速率与NPP之间存在负相关关系,POC释放速率与NPP之间无明显相关性。研究结果为深入了解铜藻的生理生态学特性及其对沿海生态系统碳循环的影响提供了科技支撑。     

Preliminary Research on Regional Material Flow Analysis： A Case Study of Chengyang District in Qingdao

The method ＂Material Flow Analysis （MFA）＂ is one of the effective tools to study law and quantification of material flow between economic system and ecological system. On the national level, economy-wide material flow analysis has been published for a number of countries. However, published studies on the regional or local level are still very limited and a standardized method does not exist yet. On the basis of framework of Material Flow Analysis proposed by Eurostat, the paper collected related data and analyzed material input and output for the Chengyang district in Qingdao. The results showed that DMI （Direct Material Input） and TMR （Total Material Requirement） in absolute number increased about 3.6 and 3.9 times, respectively from 1995 to 2004. Fossil fuel and mineral contributed to about 50.3%-76.3% of DMI. Imports of material increased about 5.0 times and became the most important Contributor to DMI, which showed that local economic growth was highly dependent on resources from other regions and countries. DPO （Domestic Processed Output） and TDO （Total Domestic Output） represent slow increasing trend, and DPO contributed to 22.2%-58.1% of TDO, suggesting local hidden flows were of obvious effect on TDO. The biggest component of DPO is CO2, approximately accounting for 90% of DPO. The material productivity increased 57.7% in last decade, reflecting improvement of efficiency of resources utilization in some extent. However, compared to developed countries and regions, material productivity of Chengyang district was relatively low. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainability, it is essential to develop circular economy and enhance materials productivity.