Prediction of breeding values for osseous fragments in fetlock and hock joints, deforming arthropathy in hock joints, and pathologic changes in the navicular bones of Hanoverian Warmblood horses

The results of a standardised radiological examination of 5928 Hanoverian Warmblood horses selected for sale at auction were used to predict relative breeding values (RBV) in the 23,662 horses included in the last four generations of the probands' pedigrees. The distribution of the RBV was investigated in the whole four-generation pedigree, in the probands and in those stallions that contributed at least three offspring to the probands. The RBV of the probands' sires were further compared with the officially published performance-based relative breeding values, i.e., total indices dressage (TID) and jumping (TIJ). The sires' level of dressage indices was considerably higher (mean TID=110) than of the jumping indices (mean TIJ=98). Total indices radiographic findings (TIR) were calculated for the sires with varying weighting given to the individual RBV. In each case, this resulted in a mean TIR of 99. Finally, total indices were derived from TIR and TID and/or TIJ in order to develop different selection schemes for all-purpose breeding and for breeding focused on dressage and show jumping. All breeding values under consideration increased by between 1% and 19% when radiographic findings were weighted with between 30% and 60% complementary to the corresponding performance parameters, and when only sires were selected with above average total indices. At the same time, the prevalences of the radiographic findings investigated here were lowered by up to 10% each. When only one radiographic finding was considered at a time, the maximum attainable response to selection was a 16-23% increase in the relative breeding values and a relative decrease in prevalences of radiographic findings of between 31% and 52%. The results of this study indicate that it is possible in horse breeding to consider simultaneously health and performance traits. Medical data should be included in the prediction of breeding values in order to improve the radiological status of today's riding horses.     

江苏省果树生产现状及发展对策

通过调查江苏省果树生产现状,阐述了江苏省果树发展存在的主要问题,提出了提高江苏省果树种类多样性、调整优化果树品种结构、加大扶持力度、争创品牌等促进江苏省果树生产健康、快速、高效发展的战略对策。     

主要农业害虫对茚虫威的抗性现状及其治理策略

茚虫威属于噁二嗪类杀虫剂,与大多数杀虫剂不同的是其进入害虫体内需要经活化代谢转变成N-去甲氧羰基代谢物(decarbomethoxylated metabolite,DCJW)后不可逆地阻断钠通道,进而发挥杀虫活性。茚虫威由于其作用机制不同于常见的使钠离子通道延迟关闭的菊酯类药剂而被广泛用于鳞翅目和一些同翅目、鞘翅目害虫的防治。抗药性是任何杀虫药剂使用后面临的问题,茚虫威也不例外,许多害虫对其产生了不同程度的抗性。昆虫对茚虫威产生抗性的机制包括酯酶活性、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)和P450活性的增加以及分子靶标F1845Y、V1848I、L1014P的突变,这些对茚虫威抗性机制的研究基本都是基于抗性种群和敏感种群开展的,需要进一步验证其对抗性研究的贡献度。针对我国田间害虫种群对茚虫威的抗性现状,及时实施对茚虫威有效的抗性治理是迫切的。对于茚虫威的抗性治理除了传统的杀虫药剂轮用、混用外,需要利用其作用机制特点开展抗性治理策略研究。一是充分利用其活化代谢的特点,开展组合药剂的研究应用;二是菊酯类药剂和茚虫威的作用机制均与钠离子通道有关,...     

精准扶贫视角下食用菌产业发展现状及模式建议

食用菌产业扶贫是践行"精准扶贫"理念、解决贫困地区产业基础薄弱和贫困户收入来源单一问题的重要途径.以"精准扶贫"为视角,分析食用菌产业扶贫现状及问题,提出要精准识别食用菌产业发展基础、精准统筹产业发展资源和精准探索产业管理模式等建议,为全面提升贫困地区食用菌产业质量,拓宽产业发展路径,确保如期完成脱贫任务.     

中国古代私人藏书发展述略

我国藏书的历史源远流长,私人藏书的起源至少可追溯至春秋战国时期,古代私人藏书可以分为4个时期:兴起时期,发展时期,繁荣时期和鼎盛时期。私人藏书的发展繁荣除了社会的发展进步之外,人口的增加也是重要的原因。各个时期呈现出各自的发展特点,但是,总的发展呈现出藏书者的文化性、利用的专用性和分布的地域性特征。     

公安院校图书馆队伍现状分析与对策研究

近年来,人们的思想观念和思维方式随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济体制的建立和社会生活的变化,也发生了巨大变化。我国公安院校图书馆工作人员也存在不愿意从事图书馆工作而愿意从事教学工作或公安机关其它业务部门工作的倾向,本文对产生这种现象的客观和主观原因进行了分析,并提出了解决的办法。     

非洲桃花心木国内外研究现状与发展建议

文章从引种、种子贮藏与繁殖技术、林木遗传改良、人工林培育、木质产品和非木质产品的利用、病虫害防治等几个方面,总结了国内外非洲桃花心木研究的现状,并对中国发展非洲桃花心木提出了几点建议。     

海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

黄岩水果苗木与农产品检疫现状及对策建议

在1981-2018年黄岩水果类苗木及非种用农产品调运检疫中,共调出柑橘、杨梅和枇杷等苗木10 475批次,11 051.42万株;柑橘果实等非种用农产品147 689批次,852 920.95 t。基于柑橘等水果苗木调运检疫数量变化与水果产业发展变化关系,分析了果苗检疫存在的问题,包括无证育苗现象较普遍、检疫申报不规范、疫情信息不对称和漏检逃检等,提出了水果类苗木生产经营实行许可证制度、严格遵守植物检疫规程、建立种苗调运可追溯和到达地报告复检制度等建议,这对做好调运植物检疫工作有积极意义。     

精准施肥技术的研究现状及在热带作物上的应用前景

精准施肥是当前农业发展的热点,而热带作物产业是我国农业体系的重要组成部分,是热区建设社会主义新农村的重要支撑产业。通过对精准施肥技术概念和研究现状的阐述,提出在我国热带作物产业发展中精准施肥技术的关键问题,并提出了无变量施肥设备的精准施肥。