Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.     

北京地区南瓜病毒病病原种类鉴定

为明确北京地区南瓜病毒病种类及其主要侵染病原,2016~2017年在北京周边采集疑似感染病毒的南瓜病样84份,并根据南瓜上的6种病毒特异性引物对其进行反转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测。结果表明:共有79份南瓜病样检测显示阳性,其中黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)的检出率最高,为52.38%;其次是小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(Zucchini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)和西瓜花叶病毒(Watermelon mosaic virus,WMV),检出率分别为44.01%、14.29%,其他病毒暂未检出。此外,16.67%的样品受2种病毒复合侵染,CMV和ZYMV复合侵染占7.14%,ZYMV和WMV复合侵染占9.52%。北京地区南瓜上优势病毒种类为CMV,且存在病毒复合侵染现象。     

鸡流行性腹泻病原的分离鉴定及特性研究

用胰蛋白酶处理发病鸡的粪便和肠内容物，接种Marc145细胞，盲传数代后，从山东不同地区发生流行性腹泻的鸡群中分离到轮状病毒，并对分离的轮状病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了部分研究。结果表明病毒粒子的形态呈车轮状、大小为70-80nm；其病毒基因组的电泳图谱为5：1：3：2；病毒在Marc145细胞上传到第9代时的TCID50为10^-4.62／0．1mL；该分离株病毒对氯仿、乙醚有抵抗力；对pH3．0处理60min稳定；50℃ 30min能使其感染力下降10^2；1mol／L MgCl2不能增强其对50℃ 60min的抵抗力。动物回归试验中接种两周龄SPF鸡，24h后陆续发病，表现为持续性水样腹泻，与自然发病相同；剖检可见病鸡脱水、小肠内有大量的液体和气泡、肠粘膜变薄；组织学变化为肠绒毛上皮坏死、脱落，绒毛平均长度减少而隐窝深度增加，固有层中淋巴细胞浸润。其临床症状及病理组织学变化与自然发病相同。因此确定发生在山东鸡流行件腹泻的病原为轮状病毒．     

Use of netting and whitewash spray to protect papaya plants against Nivun Haamir (NH)-dieback disease

A disease causing the decline of papaya (Carica papaya) plants was noticed in the Jordan Valley in 1982. The disease caused severe yellowing of the upper leaves and dieback of the apex. The disease was not transmissible mechanically and continued efforts to associate viruses and viroids have so far been unsuccessful. Epidemiological observations suggested that the disease is airborne and probably caused by a mollicute. In order to test this hypothesis, plots were covered by an insect-proof net and with white nets providing 15, 30 and 50% shade. The 30%, 50% and insect-proof nettings provided complete protection, and the 15% netting reduced disease incidence to <2%, compared with>37% in the uncovered control plot. Spraying plants at weekly intervals with a commercial whitewash solution was also found to be effective in reducing disease incidence. The advantages of using a range of netting field treatments as a simple means for obtaining information on the epidemiological nature of a new disease are described.     

铜对生长猪肝中IGF—Ⅰ基因mRNA表达的影响

采用生长试验、免疫放射分析和定量PCR方法，观察了生长猪血液中类胰岛素生长因子（IGF—Ⅰ）及其结合蛋白（IGFBP3）数量的变化和IGF—Ⅰ基因在肝中表达量的变化。结果显示，每1kg饲料中添加125-250mg铜，能够上调IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达量，显著提高猪的平均日增重，促进生长猪循环血液中IGF—Ⅰ浓度的增加。试验结果证实，铜是通过促进生长激素一胰岛素样生长因子轴相关因子的合成和分泌来发挥促生长作用的。     

维生素E与母牛繁殖

维生素E是一种有效的抗氧化剂，具有广乏的生理功能，对提高机体免疫力，提高母牛繁殖力和预防产科疾病有重要的意义。本文从它的生理功能、来源及与母牛繁殖关系的最新研究成果进行了综述。     

中国巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒的检测

目的 :对我国特有巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒 ( porcine endogenous retrovirus,PERV)的存在与 m RNA的表达情况进行检测 ,了解巴马小型猪内源性反转录病毒的携带情况。方法 :根据以往建立的 PCR、RT-PCR检测方法 ,对来自于巴马小型猪外周血淋巴细胞的 DNA和RNA样品进行 PERV核心蛋白基因 ( gag)、多聚酶基因 ( pol)及囊膜基因 ( env)的存在与表达进行检测 ;同时 ,根据目前通用的 env基因分型方法检测 PERV env-A、env-B、env-C的存在与表达。结果 :在 1 2个被检的 DNA样品中均检出了PERV特异性 DNA的存在 ;同样 ,在 1 2个被检的 RNA样品中均有 PERV特异性 RNA的表达 ,且所表达的 PERV均为 A型和 B型 ;其中有9个 DNA样品检测出 PERV-C型的存在 ,所有样品中均未检出 C型 PERV的表达。结论 :检测结果表明 1 2个被检巴马小型猪基因组中存在着内源性反转录病毒序列 ,且能以 m RNA的形式表达 ,这一结果为我国特有小型猪的开发、利用及其病毒安全性评价奠定了基础。     

山地橄榄主要病虫害种类及其防治措施

介绍了山地橄榄2种病害：叶斑病、炭疽病；5种虫害：橄榄星室木虱、黑刺粉虱、恶性叶甲、橄榄枯叶蛾、橄榄野螟的主要特征和危害症状，并提出了防治措施。     

猪血免疫球蛋白的热稳定性及动力学研究

为了使猪血免疫球蛋白在各类食品中得到较好的应用 ,对猪血免疫球蛋白 (PIgG)的热稳定性及热变性动力学进行了分析研究。结果表明 ,PIgG在 6 0℃以下很稳定 ,6 0～ 6 5℃比较稳定 ,大于 70℃变性明显加快 ,超高温杀菌 (12 0℃ ,4s)条件下 ,PIgG几乎失活 ;其热动力学反应为 1 2级 ;在 6 0 ,6 5 ,70 ,75 ,80 ,85和 90℃ ,PIgG热变性的D值分别为 33 333× 10 3 ,14 2 86× 10 3 ,3 333× 10 3 ,0 4 76× 10 3 ,0 2 2 2× 10 3 ,0 16 9× 10 3 和 0 0 76× 10 3 s ,在此温度范围内的Z值为 10 81℃ ,表观活化能为 2 2 7 31kJ·mol-1。