辣椒单株结果数性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

为探究辣椒单株结果数的遗传机制,以单株结果数差异较大的辣椒材料XHB(P₁)和B14-01(P₂)为亲本,构建四世代遗传家系即P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂。运用主基因+多基因多世代联合分析法,研究辣椒单株结果数的遗传规律。结果表明：辣椒单株结果数符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因模型(2MG-ADI)。2对主基因的加性效应值d_a、d_b分别为-16.33、-13.05,2对主基因的显性效应值h_a、h_b分别为-10.02、-2.51。2对主基因间的加性×显性(j_ab)互作效应和显性×加性(j_ba)互作效应的效应值分别为8.69和12.93,加性×加性上位性(i)互作效应值为6.86,显性×显性(l)的互作效应值为7.23,主基因间的效应以加性效应为主,其次是加性×显性上位性互作效应。主基因遗传率为68.10%,环境引起的变异占比31.9%...     

甜玉米果皮厚度遗传分析及 QTL 定位

【目的】对甜玉米果皮厚度性状进行主基因 + 多基因遗传分析及 QTL 定位,研究甜玉米果皮厚度 的遗传机理,选育优质甜玉米品种。【方法】选用果皮厚度差异显著的甜玉米自交系 T15 与 T77 配制杂交组合 T77×T15。以该组合的 F2 群体作为试验材料,采用主基因 + 多基因混合遗传方法进行遗传模型分析;结合 F2 群 体各单株的果皮厚度及 SSR 遗传连锁图谱,利用复合区间作图法对甜玉米果皮厚度进行 QTL 定位。【结果】甜 玉米果皮厚度的最适模型为 A-1,即受 1 对主基因控制的加性和部分显性的遗传模型,主基因遗传率 69.10%。 在第 5、8 染色体上分别检测出 3 个与果皮厚度相关的 QTL,其中第 5 染色体 bin5.04 区域检测到 2 个 QTL, 分别位于标记区间 bnlg150~bnlg653 和 bnlg653~bnlg1208,加性效应值分别为 -2.39 和 -3.01;位于第 8 染色体 的 QTL 在 bin8.03~bin8.04 区域,标记区间为 umc1741~bnlg2046,加性效应值为 -3.06,表型贡献率为 22.02%。 【结论】甜玉米果皮厚度以主基因效应为主,在育种实践中可在早期世代进行遗传改良选择。试验检测到的 QTL 可用于分子标记辅助选择和品质育种。     

Further evidence of polygenic inheritance of partial resistance in barley to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei

Summary The latent period (LP) is a crucial component of partial resistance. Five cultivars, L94, Sultan (Su), Volla (Vl), Julia (Ju) and Vada (Va), representing the known range in partial resistance and LP were crossed in a diallel, and the F₁, F₂ and F₃ tested. The LP effectuated by the five cultivars is about 9, 10^1/2, 10^1/2, 13 and 15^1/2 days, respectively. The crosses Su×L94, Vl×L94 and Ju×L94 had an F₂ positively skewed. Their F₂ means were similar or only slightly larger than the F₁ means. The F₂ frequency distributions in the crosses Vl×Su, Ju×Su and Ju×Vl were normal or nearly so with F₁ and F₂ means similar to each other and to the mid-parent value. The crosses involving Va as a parent again showed a positive skewness but with F₂ means considerably larger than the F₁ moans.Most F₂'s ranged from the low parent to the high parent values without transgression. In the crosses Va×L94 (reported earlier) and Ju×L94 the parental values were not recovered among 216 and 154 F₂ plants, respectively. The cross Ju×Va showed transgression beyond the low parent, Ju.From these data it is concluded, assuming no linkage, that seven loci are involved. The + alleles (governing a longer LP) are thought to be distributed over the parents as follows: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGceaqabeaacaqGmb% GaaeyoaiaabsdacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabcca% caqGGaGaaeiiaiaab2cacaqGTaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiai% aabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGTaGaaeylaiaabccacaqGGaGa% aeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeylaiaab2caca% qGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaa% b2cacaqGTaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaae% iiaiaabccacaqGTaGaaeylaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqG% GaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeylaiaab2cacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabc% cacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGTaGaaeyl% aiaabccaaeaacaqGtbGaaeyDaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccaca% qGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGRaGaae4kaiaa% bccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGRaGaae% 4kaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabUcacaqG% RaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaab2% cacaqGTaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeii% aiaabccacaqGTaGaaeylaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGa% GaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeylaiaab2cacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabcca% caqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGTaGaaeylaa% qaaiaabAfacaqGSbGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqG% GaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabUcacaqGRaGaaeiiaiaabc% cacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabUcacaqGRaGaaeii% aiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeylaiaab2cacaqGGa% GaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabUca% caqGRaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiai% aab2cacaqGTaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGa% aeiiaiaabccacaqGTaGaaeylaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccaca% qGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaab2cacaqGTaaabaGaaeOs% aiaabwhacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGa% GaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaae4kaiaabUcacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabcca% caqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaae4kaiaabUcacaqGGaGaaeiiai% aabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGRaGaae4kaiaabccacaqGGaGa% aeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGRaGaae4kaiaabccaca% qGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGRaGaae4kaiaa% bccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaab2cacaqGTaGaae% iiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqG% GaGaaeylaiaab2caaeaacaqGwbGaaeyyaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiai% aabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabUcacaqGRaGa% aeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabUcaca% qGRaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaae4kaiaa% bUcacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaae% 4kaiaabUcacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqG% GaGaaeylaiaab2cacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabc% cacaqGGaGaae4kaiaabUcacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabccacaqGGaGaaeii% aiaabccacaqGGaGaaeiiaiaabUcacaqGRaaaaaa!1BBA!\[\begin{gathered} {\text{L94 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - }} \hfill \\ {\text{Su + + + + + + - - - - - - - - }} \hfill \\ {\text{Vl + + + + - - + + - - - - - - }} \hfill \\ {\text{Ju + + + + + + + + + + - - - - }} \hfill \\ {\text{Va + + + + + + + + - - + + + + }} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \]The genes are supposed to act additively (intermediate inheritance) with the exception of one locus (the 6th or 7th locus) which shows dominance for the shorter LP (for the-alleles). The effect of this locus on LP seems considerably larger than that of the other loci. There are indications of physiological barriers, which means that LP's shorter than the one of L94 or much longer than that of Va are not possible.The effect of + genes in genotypes governing LP's close to these barriers (with very few or very many + alleles respectively) is smaller than in genotypes governing intermediate LP's.     

玉米雄穗主轴长度和分枝数的主基因+多基因遗传分析

以PH4CV／昌7-2（组合Ⅰ）和PH6WC／7873（组合Ⅱ）的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2六世代群体为材料,用主基因＋多基因六世代联合分离分析方法,研究了春播和夏播环境下雄穗主轴长度和雄穗分枝数的遗传规律。结果表明：2个组合雄穗主轴长在春播环境下均符合E-1模型。夏播环境下,组合Ⅰ雄穗主轴长符合C-0模型,组合Ⅱ雄穗主轴长符合E-3模型。在2个环境下,组合Ⅰ的雄穗分支数符合D一2模型,组合Ⅱ的雄穗分支数符合D-3模型。春播环境下,组合Ⅰ雄穗分支数表现为主基因遗传或以主基因遗传为主,主基因和多基因对2个组合雄穗主轴长的影响相当,可以采用单交重组或简单回交转育进行改良。夏播环境下,2个组合雄穗主轴长和组合Ⅱ雄穗分支数表现为多基因遗传或以多基因遗传为主,可以采用聚合回交或轮回选择累积增效基因的方法,以提高育种效率。     

玉米穗位高的主基因+多基因的遗传模型分析

为了探索玉米穗位高的遗传规律,以玉米杂交组合PH4CV×昌7-2(组合I)和PH6WC×7873(组合Ⅱ)的六世代(P1,P2,F1,B1,B2,F2)为材料,在春播和夏播环境下,研究了玉米穗位高的主基因+多基因的遗传规律。结果表明:春播条件下,组合Ⅰ的穗位高符合E-3模型,组合Ⅱ符合E-1模型;夏播环境下,组合I的穗位高符合D-3模型,组合Ⅱ符合C-0模型。结论:春播环境下,组合Ⅰ和组合Ⅱ的穗位高均以主基因遗传为主,可以采用单交重组或简单回交转育方法进行改良;夏播环境下,组合Ⅰ和组合Ⅱ的穗位高均表现为多基因遗传,可以采用聚合回交或轮回选择方法来累积增效基因,提高选择效率。     

玉米GY220×1145组合RIL群体粗缩病抗性性状的遗传分析

调查玉米GY220×1145组合的RIL群体109个家系(F10;11)及其亲本在2个环境下粗缩病抗性的表型值,运用RIL群体的主基因多基因模型进行遗传分析,探讨玉米粗缩病抗性遗传规律。结果表明:①2008年GY220/1145组合的RILs粗缩病抗性性状的最佳遗传模型为E-1-5模型,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传;2009年最佳遗传模型为G-0模型,即3对加性-上位性主基因+加性-上位性多基因模型混合遗传。②各主基因效应值不同。③上位性总效应小于主基因总效应。④有单个上位性效应大于单个主基因效应的情形出现。⑤主基因遗传为主,多基因遗传为辅。     

不同种植季节下水稻株高遗传分析（英文）

[目的]对不同种植季节下水稻株高进行遗传分析。[方法]选择株高差异大的3个亲本CB1、CB4和CB7,配制CB1×CB4和CB7×CB4组合,建立相应的P1、F1、P2、B1、B2、F2群体,将其分为中、晚2个生产季节种植,考察其株高性状。利用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型理论的Akaike信息准则（AIC）在B1、B2、F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应及所占总变异的分量。[结果]株高在所有2个季别B1、B2、F2中均符合1对加性主基因＋加-显性多基因遗传模式,主基因遗传率为38.63%～78.53%,多基因遗传率为1.72%～36.04%,总基因型遗传率为45.52%～92.93%;2个遗传群体2个季别下株高主基因加性效应值d分别为-4.56、-9.16、-7.19和-9.38,表明主基因加性效应会降低株高性状的表达。[结论]水稻茎粗性状的遗传率受种植季别及所配组合的影响明显。     

Accumulating polygenes for partial resistance in barley to barley leaf rust,Puccinia hordei. I. Selection for increased latent periods

Summary The barley cultivar Cebaba Capa was crossed to the cultivar L94, which is assumed to carry no genes for increased latent periods, and Vada, which is assumed to carry five to six minor genes for a longer latent period (LP). In the F2 selection was carried out for short and long LP's in the young flag leaves to Puccinia hordei in both crosses. In the F3, F4 and F5 the selection for short as well as for long LP continued by selecting the extreme plants in the extreme lines, a typical pedigree selection approach.The LP's are given relative to those of L94, set at 100 and of Vada, set at 185. From the cross with L94 homogeneous lines were obtained with relative LP's of 100 and of 220. From the cross with Vada the extreme lines had LP's of 135 and around or even beyond 300.Cebaba Capa is thought to carry four to six minor genes with an average gene effect slightly larger than those of the five to six minor genes in Vada. From the four to six minor genes one or two may be identical to or closely linked with minor genes of Vada, the others appeared to be different. In the lines with LP's of close to 300 or even more the number of minor genes accumulated is thought to be in the order of eight or nine. These gene number estimates are based on independent assortment. If linkage occurs the number of genes involved may be larger.Because of the high correlation between LP in the young flag leaf and the partial resistance in the field the selected lines are assumed to have a partial resistance to barley leaf rust far beyond that of Vada, which represents almost the highest level of partial resistance in European cultivars.     

Genetic analysis of grain mold resistance in white seed sorghum genotypes

Grain molds in rainy season sorghums can cause poor grain quality resulting in economic losses. Grain molds are a major constraint to the sorghum production and for adoption of the improved cultivars. A complex of fungi causes grain mold. Information on genetics of grain mold resistance and mechanisms is required to facilitate the breeding of durable resistant cultivars. A genetic study was conducted using one white susceptible, three white resistant/tolerant sources, and one colored resistant source in the crossing programme to obtain four crosses. P₁, P₂, F₁, BC₁, and BC₂, and F₂ families of each cross were evaluated for the field grade and threshed grade scores, under sprinkler irrigation. Generation mean analyses and frequency distribution studies were carried out. The frequency distribution studies showed that grain mold resistance in the white-grained resistance sources was polygenic. The additive gene action and additive × additive gene interaction were significant in all the crosses. Simple recurrent selection or backcrossing should accumulate the genes for resistance. Epistasis gene interactions were observed in colored resistance × white resistance cross. Gene interaction was influenced by pronounced G × E. Pooled analysis showed that environment × additive gene interaction and environment × dominant gene interaction were significant. The complex genetics of mold resistance is due to the presence of different mechanisms of inheritance from various sources. Evaluation of segregating population for resistance and selection for stable derivatives in advanced generations in different environments will be effective.     

不同种植季节下水稻株高遗传分析

[目的]对不同种植季节下水稻株高进行遗传分析。[方法]选择株高差异大的3个亲本CB1、CB4和CB7,配制CB1×CB4和CB7×CB4组合,建立相应的P1、F1、P2、B1、B2、F2群体,将其分为中、晚2个生产季节种植,考察了株高性状。利用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型理论的Akaike信息准则（AIC）在B1、B2、F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应及所占总变异的分量。[结果]株高在所有2个季别B1、B2、F2中均符合1对加性主基因＋加-显性多基因遗传模式,主基因遗传率为38.63%～78.53%,多基因遗传率为1.72%～36.04%,总基因型遗传率为45.52%～92.93%;2个遗传群体2季别下株高主基因加性效应值d分别为-4.56、-9.16、-7.19和-9.38,表明主基因加性效应会降低株高性状的表达。[结论]水稻茎粗性状的遗传率受种植季别及所配组合的影响明显。