硒对镉中毒鸡免疫功能的保护效应

饲料中添加45ppm镉的鸡,在整个实验期间(120d),ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率、B淋巴细胞EAC花环形成百分率、血清γ-球蛋白含量及血清IgG含量均降低。镉对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫的抑制程度与接触镉的时间长短有关。饲料中添加镉的同时,分别添加5ppm、10ppm、15ppm硒,在实验第60～90d期间能(?)抗镉的免疫毒性,基本维持鸡的正常免疫功能,其中以加10ppm硒的保护效应为佳。     

山羊天然富硒饲料中毒时毛,血及组织中硒含量的变化

本研究用陕西省紫阳县双安所产富硒玉米饲喂山羊引起硒中毒后，测定毛、血及组织中硒含量的变化及其相关性。实验证明：血硒含量高于０．２μｇ／ｇ可作为山羊硒中毒的早期诊断指征；血硒含量高于０．５μｇ／ｇ、毛硒含量高于３μｇ／ｇ，临床症状明显，可作为山羊硒中毒的诊断指标；其毛硒和血硒含量变化之间呈正相关，且与临床症状相一致。山羊硒中毒后其组织中硒含量以肾脏最高，肝脏次之。两脏器病理变化亦最严重。     

温室甲鱼养殖生石灰的合理使用

生石灰是水产养殖的一种常规药物,非常普遍的用在水质消毒,疾病防治中,许多水产养殖用户也把生石灰作为一种常用的水质改良剂,但在甲鱼的养殖中,要根据情况酌情使用,否则,会出现pH值过高从而导致有毒气体的产生,造成甲鱼中毒的病况。本文介绍了温室甲鱼养殖中生石灰使用不当引起的病况,并提出了相应解救措施。实验中采用了生石灰日常消毒常用的浓度和间隔日期,伴随着pH值与氨氮的浓度升高,甲鱼出现了死亡现象,在解除了生石灰的使用后,甲鱼停止了死亡现象。     

Development and application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method for simple and rapid identification of the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Alexandrium catenella in cultured and natural seawater

ABSTRACT:   The toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech and A. catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech produce potent neurotoxins, such as saxitoxin and gonyautoxin and have been mainly responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in Japan. To prevent a negative effect on the fishery industry, it is necessary to identify these toxic species precisely and rapidly before and during the bloom. In this paper, a rapid and simple protocol of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method using ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-targeted probes has been established for identifying the cultured strains and natural cells of A. tamarense and A. catenella . Using the FISH method established in this study, it was possible to identify these toxic species species-specifically and rapidly, within 30 min. The procedure of detection constituted three steps: (i) fixation/dehydration; (ii) hybridization; and (iii) washing; this made the identification simple. Moreover, this method did not require either special techniques or equipment, and the cost for detection was low. The specificity, rapidity, and simplicity of the developed method suggest that it might be useful for routine monitoring of these toxic microalgae.     

山羊冰川棘豆中毒的血液学指标分析

10只杂种奶山羊随机等分为试验组和对照组 ,试验组羊按 10 g/ ( kg· d)的剂量饲喂冰川棘豆干粉 ,定期采血 ,进行血液 RBC、Hb、PCV、WBC、白细胞分类记数和全血淋巴细胞空泡变性的测定 ,并计算 MCH、MCV、MCHC。结果表明 ,RBC、Hb、PCV、MCH、MCV、MCHC明显低于对照组 ,与对照组比较差异极显著 ( P<0 .0 1) ,淋巴细胞出现空泡变性 ,中毒羊造血系统受到损害 ,抵抗力降低 ,贫血属小细胞性贫血     

我国农作物病虫害化学防控技术的社会成本分析

农作物病虫害化学防控技术的负外部效应产生了环境和社会成本。评价化学防控技术的社会成本,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。本文分析了农作物病虫害化学防控技术社会成本产生的原因与类别,指出农药中毒、接触农药导致的慢性疾病、农产品农药残留超标、农药包装废弃物回收处理、农药及农药残留管理行政事业费用、农药市场检测和监控、农药残留检测和监控是主要的社会成本类别。初步分析了各类别社会成本的经济影响额度,测算出我国使用化学农药防控农作物病虫害的所产生的社会成本至少在11.72～87.74元/kg(折百)。     

饮用天然高钼水诱发的钼中毒耕牛主要生物酶测定

本研究对高钼饮水诱导钼中毒的耕牛及对照牛的血浆及组织（肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脾脏、心脏、肌肉）中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（ＸＯＤ）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）等３种生物酶活性进行了对比分析测定。结果表明,血浆和组织中ＳＯＤ、ＸＯＤ及ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ均随着钼中毒的加重其活性显著下降。这３种生物酶是钼中毒比较灵敏且相关较大的生化指标,对钼中毒具有一定诊断价值;测定ＳＯＤ。ＸＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ可作为钼中毒监测的重要手段。     

Long-established and emerging pesticide poisoning in horses

Poisoning is a frequent problem in domestic animals. Horses are the third most commonly affected species and pesticides are one of the main causes of toxicosis. Here within are reviewed the most frequent toxicoses where it emerges that the main causes are misuse and accidental exposure. Rodenticides, acetylcholinesterase insecticides followed by herbicides are the main cause of toxicosis and effects of emerging chemicals are being reported. Metaldehyde is still a problem, together with methiocarb. No information has been reported on poisoning with pesticide mixtures.     

喜树叶主要有毒成分及其对奶山羊毒性的研究

从喜树叶中分离出一种淡黄色针状结晶,含量约为0.01％,熔点为264～267℃。经TLC,IR,NMR,MS分析证实为喜树碱(camptothecin),毒性试验证明是喜树叶的主要有毒成分。给奶山羊灌服喜树叶(干粉)10g/kg或喜树叶粗提物0.16g/kg体重,每天一次连续3d可引起与自然发病症状相同的急性中毒。主要症状有出血性腹泻、脱水、肌肉震颤、昏迷和死亡;主要病理学变化为WBC减少,PCV升高,出现血尿、蛋白尿、糖尿和尿pH降低。浓缩尿中可检出喜树碱。病理学变化有胃、肠、肝、肾、淋巴结、脊髓充血、出血、变性和坏死。     

Emerging Marine Biotoxins in European Waters: Potential Risks and Analytical Challenges

Harmful algal blooms pose a challenge regarding food safety due to their erratic nature and forming circumstances which are yet to be disclosed. The best strategy to protect human consumers is through legislation and monitoring strategies. Global warming and anthropological intervention aided the migration and establishment of emerging toxin producers into Europe’s temperate waters, creating a new threat to human public health. The lack of information, standards, and reference materials delay effective solutions, being a matter of urgent resolution. In this work, the recent findings of the presence of emerging azaspiracids, spirolildes, pinnatoxins, gymnodimines, palitoxins, ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and tetrodotoxins on European Coasts are addressed. The information concerning emerging toxins such as new matrices, locations, and toxicity assays is paramount to set the risk assessment guidelines, regulatory levels, and analytical methodology that would protect the consumers.