禾本科1种广东省新记录归化植物

报道了广东省禾本科1种新记录归化植物——糖蜜草Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv.,标本存放于华南农业大学林学院植物标本室(CANT)。     

5种除草剂防除旱直播稻田杂草比较试验

42%噁草·丁草胺EC1 500 mL/hm2对鳢肠的防效为82%,对禾本科杂草、大多数阔叶杂草及莎草均有良好的防除效果,防效均达100%;33%二甲戊灵EC 2 250 mL/hm2对旱莲草的防效为64.7%,对禾本科杂草和部分阔叶杂草及莎草的防效均在86%～100%之间;30%苄·丁WP2 250 g/hm2和35%苄嘧.丙草胺WP 900 g/hm2对阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草的防效较好,但对禾本科杂草的防效较差;30%丙草胺EC1 800 mL/hm2对稻田多种杂草的防效均低于63%。     

4个禾本科植物NAC基因家族的系统进化及其在玉米中的干旱表达谱分析

利用生物信息学方法,对4个禾本科物种玉米、高粱、二穗短柄草和水稻的NAC基因家族进行鉴定和系统进化分析。结果表明：4个禾本科物种共556个NAC 基因可以聚类为6个进化枝;物种内NAC转录因子有相似的理化性质,但在进化枝上又表现出差异,进化枝1、2、3和进化枝4、5、6分别表现出相似的相对分子质量,进化枝1、2、3、5表现出相似的等电点,进化枝4、6表现出相似的等电点;4个物种共鉴定出27个含跨膜结构域的NAC基因,并且大部分（88.9%）都位于进化枝4上;使用溯源法共鉴定出174个禾本科祖先基因,每个物种NAC基因丢失和保留都存在差异;基因复制分析发现,串联复制对禾本科NAC基因家族扩张贡献明显（20.3%,113/556）,而玉米的大片段复制事件对玉米NAC基因家族扩张贡献明显（30.5%,50/164）;干旱胁迫下玉米转录表达分析鉴定出51个差异表达基因,且不同组织内的差异表达基因数目存在差异,叶和雌穗内的差异表达基因数目多于雄穗。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> morphogenic response of leaf sheath of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllostachys bambusoides</Emphasis>

Nodal segments from secondary branches of saplings of Phyllostachys bambusoides were inoculated in MS medium to assess the in vitro morphogenic response of leaf sheath through the induction to callogenesis by Picloram(4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) at different concentrations of carbohydrate under the same conditions with presence or absence of luminosity.In our experiment,secondary explants were kept in MS medium containing 8.0 mg·L-1 of Picloram for the callus formation.Calluses were transferred in MS medium supplemented with sucrose,fructose and glucose(control,2%,4% and 6%).Results show that Picloram induced the callogenesis in leaf sheath.The secondary embryogenesis was formed in yellow-globular callus.The sucrose as carbohydrate source in the absence of light was more efficient to induce rhizogenesis.Glucose was more efficiency in the presence of light.Callogenic induction and further embryogenesis evidenced the competence and determination of leaf sheath cells.     

福建雀稗属植物一个新记录种——海雀稗

根据野外考察,报道福建禾本科雀稗属一个新记录种——海雀稗Paspalum vaginatum Swartz,发现于福建漳浦。