Lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

We histologically examined lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) using 21 biotinylated lectins. Positive staining for the N‐acetylglucosamine‐specific lectins (Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum vulgare), galactose or N‐acetylgalactosamine‐specific lectins (Artocarpus intergrifolia, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, Ricus communis) and the mannose‐specific lectins (Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum) was observed in the olfactory nerve and glomerular layers. Canavalia ensiformis staining showed a similar pattern to that obtained with the lectins and there was also faint staining in the mitral cells. Olfactory nerve axons terminate in the glomeruli, where they make excitatory synapses with the dendrites of mitral cells. This finding indicates that glycoconjugates that bind Canavalia ensiformis play an important role in formation of glomeruli. No positive staining for the other lectins was seen in the olfactory bulb. Based on these results, we conclude that cell surface sugar moieties of the olfactory bulb in mallard ducks express N‐acetylglucosamine and mannose residues rather than N‐acetylgalactosamine residues. The carbohydrate composition of mallard duck olfactory bulb differed from that of other vertebrates found in previous studies.     

蛋氨酸螯合锌对绿头野鸭生产性能的影响

本试验研究蛋氨酸螯合锌对绿头野鸭生长性能及能量和蛋白质代谢的影响,探讨蛋氨酸螯合锌的最佳添加量。试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,供试绿头野鸭54只,分为3个处理组,每组18只,设3个重复。第Ⅰ组为对照组,添加150 mg/kg硫酸锌;第Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别添加75 mg/kg硫酸锌 150 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锌3、00 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锌。试验期为8周,采用3层立体笼养,每周进行称重、称料,通过饲养试验、代谢试验,测定绿头野鸭生长率、耗料量及营养物质的代谢率。研究结果表明,各试验组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别提高了12.13%、11.96%,以4~7周效果最明显;能量和蛋白质代谢率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);料肉比显著低于对照组;从试验的总体效果看,添加75 mg/kg硫酸锌 150 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锌效果较好。因此,提倡蛋氨酸螯合锌与硫酸锌混合饲喂绿头野鸭效果好,成本低,建议推广使用。     

向海地区绿头鸭体内1膜壳属(Hymenolepis spp.)绦虫的分离鉴定

为了对绿头鸭肠道内分离的绦虫进行种属鉴定,本试验对向海地区的10只绿头鸭小肠内分离出的3条绦虫进行了形态学和分子生物学的鉴定。经形态学观察测量发现,该绦虫为小型绦虫,全长35 mm,头节呈球形,具有4个吸盘和1个短而圆、可自由伸缩的顶突。顶突上有20～30个小钩,排成一圈。成节有3个圆球形的睾丸,横列在节片中部,储精囊较发达,符合膜壳属绦虫的形态学特征。扩增cox1基因序列并进行序列建树分析,结果支持该绦虫为膜壳属绦虫。综合该虫的形态学特征及分子生物学分析,确定该绦虫为膜壳属绦虫。     

绿头鸭线粒体ND2基因全序列测定及其研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was to analyze the phylogenesis of Anas platyrhynchos. [Method] Complete sequence of mitochondrial ND2 gene of 4 Anas platyrhynchos was determined by direct DNA sequencing based on PCR products. Combined with ND2 gene sequences of the Anas Linnaeus accessed in GenBank, phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. [Result] The ND2 gene sequences of 4 Anas platyrhynchos were identical(1 041 bp in length; the nucleotide contents of A, G, T, and C were 28.91%, 13.35%, 20.75% and 36.98% respectively; A+T content approximated to that of C+G). Sequences of ND2 gene of mallard were same as spotbill duck, and had high homology with others. The phylogenetic trees indicated mallard and spotbilled duck were close in genetic relationship, both shared a haplotype; then Philippine duck, green-winged teal and northern pintail fell into branch 'A". [Conclusion] The domestic duck may be domesticated from mallard and spotbilled duck.     

半番鸭和北京鸭MC1R基因的克隆与序列分析

羽色是半番鸭一个重要的经济性状。黑素皮质素受体1 （melanocortin receptor 1,MC1R）基因是控制动物黑色素合成的重要基因。本研究根据鸡、鹌鹑、雪雁、孔雀等MC1R基因同源序列的保守区设计1对引物,以半番鸭、北京鸭总DNA 为模板,PCR扩增,克隆测序。结果,获得了2个长度为900bp 的基因片段, 并提交GenBank, 登录号分别为EU877265和EU877264。经比对,发现北京鸭与半番鸭核苷酸序列存在8个变异位点,其中位于184bp（T/A）、229bp（G/A）、364bp（A/G）、385bp（G/A）处的变异导致了氨基酸序列分别在第62位（C/S）、77位（E/K）、122位（T/A）和129位（V/I）发生突变。为进一步研究半番鸭羽色MC1R基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）奠定了基础;通过BLAST进行相似性搜索,结果表明,鸭与黑雁MC1R基因的核苷酸序列同源性最高为98.4％,与其他家禽的同源性也保持在92.8％～98.2%之间。可见禽类的MC1R 基因编码区序列具有高度的保守性;系统进化分析表明,半番鸭、北京鸭与雪雁、黑雁、皇雁亲缘关系相近,从分子角度验证了它们在动物学分类上的地位。     

美国绿头野鸭消化器官解剖学研究

美国绿头鸭是我国近年引进的一个新品种，具有生长快、抗病力强、肉质鲜嫩、营养价值高的特点。为了促进绿头野鸭的发展，提高生产和经济效益，满足人们生活的需要，为开展大规模集约化养殖、科学的饲养管理，特对绿头野鸭消化器官作了系统解剖学观察。     

半番鸭和北京鸭MC1R基因的克隆与序列分析

羽色是半番鸭一个重要的经济性状.黑素皮质素受体1(melanocortin receptor 1,MClR)基因是控制动物黑色素合成的重要基因.根据鸡、鹌鹑、雪雁、孔雀等MC1R基因同源序列的保守区设计1对引物,以半番鸭、北京鸭总DNA为模板,PCR扩增,克隆测序.结果,获得了2个长度为900bp的基因片段,并提交GenBank,登录号分别为EU877265和EU877264.经比对,发现北京鸭与半番鸭核苷酸序列存在8个变异位点,其中位于184bp(T/A)、229bp(G/A)、364bp(A/G)、385bp(G/A)处的变异导致了氨基酸序列分别在第62位(c/s)、77位(E/K)、122位(T/A)和129位(v/i)发生突变.为进一步研究半番鸭羽色MC1R基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)奠定了基础;通过BLAST进行相似性搜索,结果表明,鸭与黑雁MC1R基因的核苷酸序列同源性最高为98.4%,与其他家禽的同源性也保持在92.8%～98.2%之间.可见禽类的MC1R基因编码区序列具有高度的保守性;系统进化分析表明,半番鸭、北京鸭与雪雁、黑雁、皇雁亲缘关系相近,从分子角度验证了它们在动物学分类上的地位.     

The effects of grit supplementation and feed type on steel-shot ingestion in mallards

Lead poisoning by shot-pellet ingestion is an important cause of death in waterfowl from wetlands that have high densities of lead-shot pellets and low availabilities of grit in their sediments. To evaluate grit supplementation when mixed with baited grain as a method of reducing shot ingestion in waterfowl, 24 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were kept in captivity to study the relationship between steel-shot, grit and grain ingestion in four experiments. Steel-shot ingestion was more related to seeking grit than to feeding on grain, and it did not differ between two types of grain offered (rice or sorghum). Grit ingestion increased with grit supplementation and shot ingestion was only slightly reduced. Calcareous grit used in the experiments had a shorter half-life (1.4 days) in the gizzard than values reported for siliceous grit (3.1 days).     

蛋氨酸螯合锌对绿头野鸭生产性能的影响

试验研究蛋氨酸螯合锌对绿头野鸭生长性能及能量和蛋白质代谢的影响，探讨蛋氨酸螯合锌的最佳添加剂量。第Ⅰ组为对照组，添加150mg／kg硫酸锌组；第Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组，分别添加75mg/kg硫酸锌＋150mg／kg蛋氨酸螯合锌、300mg／kg蛋氨酸螯合锌。结果表明，各试验组的平均日增重、能量和蛋白质代谢率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），以4-7周效果最明显；料肉比显著低于对照组；添加75mg／kg硫酸锌＋150mg／kg蛋氨酸螯舍锌效果较好。     

杂交绿头野鸭屠宰性能的主成分分析

利用主成分分析对以绿头野鸭为父本的不同杂交组合的屠宰性能进行了研究。结果表明,6个指标综合成了3个互不相关的主成分,累计贡献率达94.95%,完全反映了原指标所提供的信息。综合评定结果显示,含1/2绿头野鸭血统、1/4北京鸭血统和1/4樱桃谷鸭血统的LBLY组合的杂交效果最好。