鸽新城疫的流行与防控

鸽新城疫是由新城疫病毒感染鸽群引起的传染病, 在世界各国鸽场均有流行。介绍了鸽新城疫流行情况及特点, 流行毒株的基因型、病毒的毒力、病毒的抗原特性, 提出在做好鸽场内生物安全控制和精细化管理基础上, 使用市售新城疫疫苗进行合理免疫是鸽新城疫防控的关键。     

Effect of energy and protein levels on performance,egg quality,and nutrient digestibility of laying pigeons

A total of 3,240 female Taisheng pigeons at 40 wk age were fed 9 diets containing 3 ME levels (2,630, 2,770, and 2,940 kcal/kg) and 3 CP levels (14.0, 15.0, and 16.0%) in a factorial arrangement. These diets were fed to investigate the effects of ME and CP on performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility. Female pigeons were housed under the same managerial conditions and randomly assigned into 9 treatments (6 replicates of 60 birds each). Two female–female paired pigeons housed in one cage were under a 16L:8D lighting cycle. Feed in pellet form and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. The study lasted 12 wk. As dietary ME level increased from 2,630 to 2,940 kcal/kg, BW, egg production, and apparent DM, crude fat (CF), and phosphorus (i.e., P) digestibilities increased (P < 0.05), feed intake decreased (P < 0.05), and feed conversion efficiency increased (P < 0.05). Increasing the level of dietary protein from 14 to 16% resulted in an increased (P < 0.05) BW, shell percentage, length of the major axis, and DM digestibility. Therefore, dietary ME had a greater influence on the performance of Taisheng laying pigeons than did dietary protein.     

Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma with visceral metastases in a White Carneau pigeon and literature review

Cutaneous leiomyosarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumors of smooth muscle origin and are reported occasionally in avian species. A 14-y-old male laboratory White Carneau pigeon (Columba livia) was presented for surgical excision of a cervical soft tissue mass. Ultrasonography with color flow Doppler imaging revealed multiple cavitations of mixed echogenicity within the mass and vascularization. Histologically, the dermis and subcutis were expanded by a densely cellular multinodular mass comprised of fusiform cells forming haphazardly arranged broad streams and short interwoven bundles, often surrounding blood vessels and variably sized cavitations. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for desmin and α–smooth muscle actin, and negative for pancytokeratin, S100, and von Willebrand factor. Based on histopathology and IHC findings, the cutaneous mass was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma (LMS). The pigeon died 312 d post-operatively. Postmortem examination revealed masses infiltrating the left and right pulmonary airways and one hepatic nodule, but no regrowth at the surgical site. Histologic and IHC evaluation of the pulmonary and hepatic masses were consistent with LMS, representing metastatic foci from the primary cutaneous LMS. Our case highlights the malignant behavior and histomorphologic features of cutaneous LMS in an avian species.     

三个肉鸽品种生长曲线的分析与拟合研究

为了探究不同肉鸽品种的生长发育规律,采用Logistic、Gompertz、von Bertalanffy、MMF(Morgan-Mercer-Flodin)和Weibull 五种模型进行生长曲线拟合,对0-4周龄的欧鸽(欧洲肉鸽)、白卡奴鸽和白羽王鸽体重生长规律进行研究。结果表明：白卡奴鸽和白羽王鸽两个肉鸽品种除了在4周龄时存在显著差异外,其他各周龄间体重差异不显著,但都显著低于欧鸽,整体生长发育变化呈现一致趋势。欧鸽绝对生长量均显著高于白卡奴鸽和白羽王鸽,相对生长率曲线基本上处于重叠状态。曲线拟合结果显示：五种模型均能很好的模拟肉鸽生长曲线,其拟合度都达到 0.9 以上,欧鸽和白羽王鸽的最优拟合曲线为Weibull,R2=1.000,而白卡奴鸽的最优拟合曲线为MMF,R2=0.999。有固定拐点的生长模型有一定的限制,有灵活拐点的生长模型有更好的适用性,同时四参数生长模型要好于三参数生长模型,推荐使用四参数有灵活拐点的生长模型来拟合肉鸽生长曲线。拐点数据显示第一周属于乳鸽生长关键期,因此该时期要加强种鸽饲养管理。     

3株鸽源新城疫病毒的分子特征及对鸽的致病性

2011-2013年在新城疫流行病学调查中分离到3株鸽源新城疫病毒(SDS,SD01和SD02),为了进一步了解其生物学特性和遗传进化规律,对3株病毒进行了测序和生物活性分析,并对分离株SDS对鸽的致病性进行了评价.结果表明,毒株SDS基因组全长为15 192 bp,基因排列方式为3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'...     

桂木9号的选育与应用

桂木9号是利用丰产性好的印度改良木豆品系ICPL 90008与抗病虫、植株高大的广西地方种木豆2号杂交,经7年7代系统选育而成的木豆新品系。该品系具有分枝多、产量高、抗病虫能力强、用途广等特点,产量比目前推广的品种要高,公顷产量在2250~3000kg之间,适合作粮食、青饲料和生态树种。根据不同用途选择适宜的种植地和种植密度,科学肥水管理,及时中耕除草,注意病虫草害防治,适时采收,可获得较高产量。     

肉鸽的品系杂交效果分析

４个来源不同、经过３ａ选育的肉用白王鸽品系，从中选出３个品系进行品系杂交试验（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ组），并用４个纯系（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）作对照，试图筛选出杂交效果优秀的组合用于商品生产。杂交试验结果显示，杂交效果不够理想。杂种优势率最高的仅为３．０４％（Ｃ组的孵化率），而４周龄体重（Ａ、Ｃ组）和４周龄成活率（Ｂ、Ｃ组）的杂交优势率为负值。正反杂交组合比较，在４周龄体重上，Ⅲ系作为父本（Ｂ、Ｄ组）显著高于作为母本（Ａ、Ｃ组）的组合（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各品系的全面配合力测定，有待于进一步试验。     

不同种皮色木豆蛋白质淀粉含量的研究

对云南省 8个栽培地、10个种皮色的木豆籽实进行蛋白质及淀粉含量分析测定 ,结果表明 :蛋白质、淀粉含量均与栽培地、种皮色和栽培地×种皮色互作呈极显著差异。不同栽培地的蛋白质、淀粉含量分别为 2 0 .73%～ 2 4 .86 %和 4 8.2 3%～ 54 .2 2 % ;不同种皮色的蛋白质、淀粉含量分别为 2 0 .96 %～ 2 3.96 %和50 .0 2 %～ 53.34 % ;除元谋的淀粉含量为第三类以外 ,其余栽培地和种皮色的蛋白质及淀粉含量均为第二类。各栽培地、种皮色间蛋白质、淀粉含量有一定差异 ,但从总体看 ,仍缺乏高蛋白、高淀粉含量类型。     

肉鸽新城疫病毒山东分离株的分离鉴定及其F基因的分子特性分析

从山东某发病肉鸽的体内分离到一株新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV),命名为Pigeon-Shandong-JN-08(简写JN08),对其融合蛋白(fusion,F)进行序列和分子特性的分析,以了解肉鸽NDV的遗传起源和分子特性。JN08经病毒蚀斑克隆纯化后动物回归试验可产生典型的NDV病变。研究结果发现,F蛋白多肽裂解位点的序列为112RRQKRF117,符合鸽源NDV强毒氨基酸基序。F基因分型及同源性比较显示:JN08与绝大多数鸽源毒株同属于基因Ⅵ型;其F基因与基因Ⅱ型毒株LaSota,B1,Bingham,TEX-48氨基酸同源性为89.9%,89.7%,90.4%,89.7%,与基因Ⅰ型毒株Ulster67的氨基酸同源性为91.3%,与基因Ⅲ型传统强毒F48E9的氨基酸同源性为92.8%;与国内鸽分离株P1-03,CH98-98,JS1-06,PB01-96和GZ-07的氨基酸同源性分别为91.3%,94.6%,94.8%,95.1%,94.0%;与国外鸽分离株Capital3-97,Tigre6-99,1166-02,IT227-97,2736-00,NY-84,TX3503-04,248VB-98的同源性分别为96.2%,93.8%,98.0%,96.8%,97.1%,96.8%,96.8%,98.4%。从F基因遗传进化树上发现:JN08与国外分离株的遗传距离较近,处于同一基因亚型上,而与国内分离株的遗传距离较远。     

鸽新城疫的诊断报告

2007年3月29日长春市一养鸽户饲养的肉鸽发生疫病,通过临床症状,病理剖检,实验室检查,确诊为鸽新城疫。